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图表类书面表达题写作要点

来源:用户上传      作者: 杨富章

  一、切忌写成“填表题”
  虽以表格作为提示,但一定要用短文的形式来表达。答题时应注意将表格信息转换成合适文体的短文。
  二、切忌“一对一直译”
  表格中的中文提示有些概括性强、比较简洁,有些较为抽象、复杂,所以表达时切忌逐字逐句机械地直译。不然就可能会出现诸如用条文式(1.2.3...),或全部句子用动词开头等问题。要学会灵活调整信息、适当补充成分、采用意译法等写出符合英语表达习惯的文章。
  三、巧妙组合信息
  要善于根据表格上下左右的逻辑关系整合要点,从语篇角度统筹安排所要表达的内容。如表格左右若是因果关系,就可以考虑用for, because, therefore等来组合信息。
  四、避免句式单一
  表格里某一栏或列的内容一般用来表达同类信息,如建议、方法等。为了避免句式重复、单调,我们要学会用不同的表达方式表达同类的信息。如同样表达重要性,可以变换使用important, should, had better, useful, help等词或词组。
  五、防止遗漏“间接要点”
  在表达完表格里的信息外,也应注意表格前的情景说明式的导语,还应考虑文意及文章结构是否完整。如在写通知、信或参观欢迎词等应用文时,开头或结尾部分一般都有常识性要点。如“Thank you for writing to me. You asked how to... Here is some of my advice.”等。
  【例1】生活中冲突时有发生。假设你班同学苏华和李江打篮球时发生争执,导致关系紧张。请你结合此事,并根据以下提示,用英语写一篇短文,向学校英文报“Happy Teens”专栏投稿。
  注意:
  1.对所有要点逐一陈述,适当发挥,不要简单翻译;
  2.词数150左右。开头已经写好,不计入总词数;
  3.作文中不得提及有关考生个人身份的任何信息,如校名、人名等。
  【写作指导】本篇书面表达属半开放式作文,只给出写作框架,并未给出所有的写作细节,题目比较贴近学生的话题。主要是两个学生闹矛盾,让他们提出观点和解决方法。考生要合理展开行文,简要描述引发冲突的经过、分析发生冲突的原因并谈谈避免冲突的做法,同时要注意文章的逻辑性和段落层次性,注意不得透露个人姓名和学校名称。另外,要恰当地使用连接过渡词(如:besides, meanwhile, from my point of view, what’ more, as far as I’m concerned, in my opinion等)以及复杂的句式(如:并列句、状语从句、定语从句、名词性从句等),这样可以使行文更加流畅。
  One possible version:
  Conflicts with others are common in everyday life. During the basketball game yesterday afternoon, Su Hua and Li Jiang bumped into each other, trying to catch the ball. Then they started shouting and yelling, and it turned into a horrible quarrel.
  To be honest, it was Su’s fault but Li was also to blame—they were not calm enough and both said some really mean things. They cared too much about winning and losing. As a matter of fact, blocking, pushing and bumping are just part of a tough game.
  To avoid such conflicts, we should be kind to one another, which is essential to enjoying a harmonious life. It is also a virtue to forgive and forget, especially in such a competitive and stressful society. Instead of blaming each other, we should communicate more and put ourselves in others’place.
  Don’t be self-centered and try to be considerate. We must learn to handle conflicts calmly and wisely.
  【例2】某国际动物关爱协会面向全球中学生招募“动物代言人”,希望申请者选择一种自己喜欢的动物,为之代言(speak for)。假设你是重庆新华中学的学生李华,有意参与该活动,现请你用英文在线填写申请表(仅需填写“申请陈述”部分),内容如下:
  ● 表示有意参加
  ● 说明自己富有爱心、关爱动物
  ● 打算为何种动物代言,并说明理由
  ● 希望申请成功
  注意:
  1.请在答题卡规定区域内作答;
  2.词数100左右;
  3.“申请陈述”的第一句已经给出,不计入总词数。
  【写作指导】写作以国际动物关爱协会面向全球中学生招募动物代言人为背景,以提供要点的方式,要求学生选择一种自己喜欢的动物,为之代言。这类作文学生都能动手写作,但是如果要得高分,以下几个因素缺一不可:好的开头结尾、行文逻辑清晰、高级词汇及句型的使用、漂亮的书写和卷面。
  One possible version:
  I’m a student from Xinhua Middle School in Chongqing, China, and I’m very much interested in speaking for animals. You know I’m warm-hearted and have always been caring for animals in my life.
  I would like to speak for dogs not only because dogs are my favorite animals, but also they are not treated properly. Devoted though dogs are to us human beings, we seldom think about what they need and care about. We just order them to do this or that, but hardly are we aware what we can do for them. In my opinion, it is high time we did something for our closest animal friends and lived a harmonious life with them.
  Strongly hoping to be accepted to speak for animals.
  (作者单位:山东省枣庄二中)
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