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真空干泵用定子拼装式永磁电机性能分析与实验

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  摘 要:针对小型真空干泵用永磁电机下线困难的工程问题,提出一种采用模块化定子结构方法,将定子形式由整体式变为拼装式,并以9槽6极表贴式永磁同步电机为研究对象,采用有限元法选取抑制拼装式电机齿槽转矩和转矩脉动的的最优槽口,引入整体式电机进行对比,建立拼装式与整体式电机的二维模型,并进行电磁场与温度场仿真,综合分析拼装式与整体式电机的性能差异,结果表明拼装式电机的齿槽转矩、气隙磁密谐波含量和温升等都优于整體式电机。研制拼装式电机的样机并进行电机性能实验,得到了电机的性能数据。实验结果与仿真结果一致,进一步验证了拼装式电机的可行性,为新产品批量生产提供了科学依据。
  关键词:真空干泵;拼装式定子;齿槽转矩;温度场;性能实验
  DOI:10.15938/j.emc.2020.03.014
  中图分类号:TM 351文献标志码:A文章编号:1007-449X(2020)03-0114-09
  Abstract:Aiming at the problem of smallscale vacuum dry pump permanent magnet motors going offline, a modular stator structure method is proposed to change the stator form from monolithic to assembled, and a 9slot 6pole surfacemounted permanent magnet synchronous motor is chosen as the research object. The optimal slot for suppressing cogging torque and torque ripple of the assembled motor was selected by the finite element method, and the integrated motor was introduced for comparison. A twodimensional model of the assembled and integrated motor was established, and the electromagnetic field was performed. With the temperature field simulation, comprehensive analysis of the performance difference of the assembled and integrated motors, the results show that the cogging torque, air gap magnetic flux harmonic content and temperature rise of the assembled motor are better than the integrated motor. The prototype of the assembled motor was developed and the motor performance experiments were performed to obtain the performance data of the motor. The experimental results are consistent with the simulation results, further verifying the feasibility of the assembled motor, and providing a scientific basis for mass production of new products.
  Keywords:vacuum dry pump; assembled stator; cogging torque; temperature field; performance experiment
  0 引 言
  随着真空技术的不断的发展,真空获得设备在航空航天、食品加工、医疗、国防、电子等行业都有了广泛的应用[1]。传统真空系统是有油的,并且在生产过程中产生的物质具有腐蚀性、凝结性和毒性,这些物质与真空泵中的油相混合,会造成真空泵泵油变质,由工艺过程中产生的化学产物和颗粒副产物也会影响真空泵的性能,使真空泵不能运行破坏本身以及周边的环境[2]。传统的真空系统已经不能满足实际工况的要求,所以研究具有可靠性高、适应性强、无污染的真空干泵已经是真空获得设备的一个重要的方向[3]。
  真空干泵驱动电机的性能直接影响了真空干泵的过载能力、振动噪声、极限真空度以及能耗等级[4]。驱动电机一般采用异步电机和永磁同步电机,采用异步电机,会导致真空干泵体型大、噪声大、耗能高,且只能使用于工作空间充裕的场合。随着人们对节能、高效、空间利用率的要求越来越高,为适应晶圆厂等生产空间有限的应用场合,研究体积小、低振动、低噪音的新型结构永磁同步电机作为真空干泵驱动电机具有重要的工程实用价值。
  目前对拼装式电机的研究如下,文献[5]提出了一种定子的新型结构,通过计算定子单个模块所需的最小槽数,以及相对应的绕组短距系数,从而提高了的绕组的利用率;文献[6-7]利用有限元法研究一种绕组不等拼装式定子结构,求解出单边磁拉力,并以改变拼装式定子齿宽和定子之间位置差结构有效的减小了合成磁拉力;文献[8-10]通过计算不同形状定子拼装处凹槽电机齿槽转矩大小来选择效果最好的形状;文献[11]设计了一台定子新型结构的永磁电机,并优化了电机的转矩密度;文献[12]设计定子形式为拼装式的电机,将电路、磁路负荷分别计算进行优化,从而有效的提高了电机的转矩密度和效率。但是,电机性能受气隙磁密、损耗、温度等影响,上述文献均没有针对这些问题做深入研究。   综合以上分析和文献资料,本文通过有限元软件,建立拼装式和整体式电机的二维模型;对比拼装式和整装式电机的电磁场和温度场仿真结果,分析两者性能差异;对拼装式电机的样机进行性能实验,验证仿真结果。
  1 电机模型
  1.1 电机二维模型
  利用有限元软件建立整体式和拼装式电机的模型,图1和图2为整体式与拼装式电机的二维模型,真空干泵机组技术要求如表1所列。
  如圖19所示,电机以额定状态运行10小时后,电机机壳温度达到稳定,为43.5℃。如表2所列,电机性能参数实验值均满足设计要求,说明设计合理。
  5 结 论
  本文利用有限元软件对整体式和拼装式电机进行仿真,对比其性能,对拼装式电机样机进行性能实验,得到以下结论。
  1)通过有限元仿真对比可知,拼装式电机相对于整体式的齿槽转矩减小了82.8%,空载气隙磁密谐波和空载反电动势谐波含量减小,定子铁耗减小了12.6%,绕组铜耗减小了15.9%;定子铁心温度降低了3.3 ℃,定子绕组温度降低了3.1 ℃,永磁体温度降低了2.8 ℃。拼装式电机的整体的性能要优于整体式电机。
  2)通过拼装式定子样机性能实验可知,电机绕组额定运行的温升为27.1 K,远小于F级绝缘等级的极限温升。电机的额定电流、功率因数、效率、直排大气功率和降频前最大功率均满足真空干机组泵技术要求,说明设计合理,目前已成功应用于使用在极大规模集成电路制造及成套工艺装备中高效节能的真空干泵驱动系统中。
  
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