您好, 访客   登录/注册

外周血白介素38在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期中的表达及价值

来源:用户上传      作者:

  摘要:目的  探討外周血白介素38(IL-38)在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者(AECOPD)中的表达水平及意义。方法  收集2019年1月~2020年6月在安徽医科大学附属巢湖医院住院的AECOPD患者76例设为急性加重组,另收集同期稳定期COPD患者76例设为稳定组,健康体检者62名设为对照组,另根据GOLD指南和DOSE评分将急性加重组患者分为AB组、CD组、高危组及低危组,酶联免疫吸附法测定各组外周血IL-38表达水平,分析外周血IL-38在AECOPD患者中表达水平及其意义。结果  急性加重组外周血IL-38水平高于稳定组和对照组,且稳定组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);CD组外周血IL-38水平高于AB组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);高危组外周血IL-38水平高于低危组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);相关性分析显示,外周血IL-38与IL-6、CRP、mMRC、过去1年急性加重次数及DOSE评分呈正相关(r=0.412、0.377、0.233、0.330、0.247),与FEV1%预计值呈负相关(r=-0.226);多元回归分析显示,IL-6、CRP和过去1年急性加重次数是外周血IL-38的独立影响因素。结论  外周血IL-38在慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者中表达升高,且与体内炎性反应水平密切相关,可以作为急性加重的独立危险因素。
  关键词:白介素38;慢性阻塞性肺疾病;炎症介质;急性加重
  中图分类号:R563.9                                 文献标识码:A                                 DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2020.20.018
  文章编号:1006-1959(2020)20-0065-04
  Expression and Value of Interleukin 38 in Peripheral Blood in Patients with Acute Exacerbation
  of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
  ZHAO Jie,ZHU Hong-bin
  (Department of Respiratory Medicine,Chaohu Hospital,Anhui Medical University,Chaohu238000, Anhui,China)
  Abstract:Objective  To investigate the expression level and significance of peripheral blood interleukin 38 (IL-38) in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD).Methods  A total of 76 AECOPD patients who were hospitalized in Chaohu Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University from January 2019 to June 2020 were collected as acute recombination. In addition, 76 patients with stable COPD during the same period were collected as stable group, and 62 healthy subjects were selectedas the control group, according to the GOLD guideline and DOSE score, the acute recombination patients were divided into AB group, CD group, high-risk group and low-risk group. The expression level of IL-38 in each group was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the peripheral blood was analyzed. The expression level and significance of IL-38 in AECOPD patients.Results  The level of IL-38 in the peripheral blood of acute recombination was higher than that of the stable group and the control group, and the stable group was higher than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the peripheral blood IL-38 level of the CD group was higher than that of the AB group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the level of IL-38 in the peripheral blood of the high-risk group was higher than that of the low-risk group,the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); correlation analysis showed that the peripheral blood IL-38 and IL-6 , CRP, mMRC, the number of acute exacerbations in the past year, and DOSE score were positively correlated (r=0.412, 0.377, 0.233, 0.330, 0.247), and negatively correlated with FEV1% predicted value (r=-0.226); multiple regression analysis showed that, IL-6, CRP and the number of acute exacerbations in the past year are independent influencing factors of peripheral blood IL-38.Conclusion  The expression of IL-38 in peripheral blood was elevated in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and was closely related to the level of inflammatory reaction in the body, and could be an independent risk factor for acute exacerbation.   Key words:Interleukin 38;Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease;Inflammatory mediators;Acute exacerbation
  慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是目前最常见的三大死亡原因之一,2017年全球死于COPD的人数超过320万人,构成重大疾病负担[1]。研究证实多种炎性细胞及炎症介质(IL-6、IL-17、TNF-a、IL-8、CRP等)参与的气道慢性炎症是其进展的核心机制,而急性加重期炎症反应更为严重[2-4]。虽然一些生物标志物对于COPD患者的病情判断有一定的指导意义,但其特异性有待提高。IL-38作为IL-1家族成员参与多种疾病进程且表达较高,而在健康人群扁桃体、皮肤、心脏、肺组织等表达水平较低[5]。研究证实,IL-38能够降低脓毒症患者体内炎症因子的表达和加快机体清除细菌[6];其在慢性炎性疾病患者(系统性红斑狼疮、类风湿性关节炎、银屑病、克罗恩病等)中的表达增高且与疾病严重程度及活动相关[7-10];其在急性炎性疾病,如急性心肌梗死患者血浆中的表达也存在明显异常[11],提示其同样参与体内急性炎性反应。朱亚茜等[12]报道IL-38在AECOPD中表达增高,但其与患者相关临床特征的关系尚未阐明,特别是在急性加重风险的作用有待厘清。为此,本研究通过检测不同患者外周血IL-38表达水平,探讨其与患者相关临床特征的相关性及价值。
  1资料与方法
  1.1一般资料  收集2019年1月~2020年6月安徽医科大学附属巢湖医院住院的AECOPD患者76例作为急性加重组,其中男44例,女32例,年龄60~78岁,平均年龄(69.71±4.24岁);另收集稳定期的COPD患者76例作为稳定组,其中男40例,女36例,年龄55~78岁,平均年龄(68.39±5.10)岁。收集同期健康体检者62名作为对照组,其中男34例,女28例,年龄55~78岁,平均年龄(68.81±4.73)岁,三组性别、年龄比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。根据急性加重组患者过去1年急性加重次数、mMRC及CAT评分,按照GOLD指南将其分AB组(33例)和CD组(43例)[13];另外按照DOSE评分标准,将其分为高危组(DOSE评分≥4分)和低危组(DOSE评分<4分)[14]。AB组中男17例,女16例,年龄60~75岁,平均年龄(68.76±4.01)岁;CD组中男27例,女16例,年龄60~78岁,平均年龄(70.30±4.31)岁。高危组中男23例,女10例,年龄60~78岁,平均年龄(69.44±4.38)岁;低危组男21例,女22例,年龄60~76岁,平均年龄(70.15±4.08)岁。
  1.2纳入及排除标准  纳入标准:符合2019GOLD指南[13]COPD诊断及分级标准。排除标准:患有糖尿病及自身免疫性疾病;患有肿瘤、严重心、肝及肾疾病;近期有外伤、手术史;拒绝在知情同意书上签字者。
  1.3方法  收集所有研究对象年龄、性别、体质指数、肺功能、吸烟史、过去1年急性加重次数、中性粒细胞计数(N)、淋巴细胞计数(L)、IL-6、CRP、PCT、BNP、D-二聚体等临床资料。治疗前抽取患者外周血5 ml置于试管中,室内(20 ℃)静置2 h,离心机3000 r/min离心15 min,分离血清,于-70 ℃冻存待检;双抗体免疫夹心法(ELISA)测定IL-38水平,严格按照说明书进行实验操作。
  1.4统计学方法  使用SPSS22.0软件进行数据处理,符合正态分布的计量资料用(x±s)表示,方差齐时组间比较采用t检验或ANOVA方差分析,方差不齐时采用Welch方差分析;不符合非正态分布的计量资料用M(Q1,Q3)表示,组间比较采用非参数Kruskal-Wallis H检验;计数资料使用(%)表示,组间比较使用?字2检验;采用Pearson相关分析IL-38与各变量的相关性,多元回归分析IL-38与多变量间关系,P<0.05为差异有统计意义。
  2结果
  2.1各组临床资料比较  三组BMI比较,差异无统计意义(P>0.05);急性加重组外周血IL-6、D-二聚体、PCT、BNP、CRP、吸烟人数及IL-38水平高于稳定期组及对照组,且稳定期组高于对照组,差异有统计意义(P<0.05);急性加重组FEV1%预计值低于稳定期组及对照组,且稳定期组低于对照组,差异有统计意义(P<0.05);急性加重组mMRC评分、过去1年急性加重次数及DOSE评分均高于稳定期组,差异有统计意义(P<0.05);急性加重组患者中性粒细胞计数高于稳定期组,淋巴细胞计数低于稳定期组,差异有统计意义(P<0.05),见表1。
  2.2急性加重组亚组分析  AB组与CD组年龄、性别比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);CD组外周血IL-38表达高于AB组,差异有统计意义(P<0.05),见表2;低危组与高危组年龄、性别比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);高危组外周血IL-38表达高于低危组,差异有统计意义(P<0.05),见表3。
  2.3急性加重组外周血IL-38表达水平与各指标的相关性及多元回归分析  相关性分析显示,外周血IL-38与IL-6、CRP、mMRC、过去1年急性加重次数及DOSE评分呈正相关,与FEV1%预计值呈负相关,见表4;进一步行多元回归分析,结果显示IL-6、CRP及过去1年急性加重次数是IL-38表达水平的独立影响因素,见表5。
  3讨论
  IL-38属IL-1家族,在2001年通过独特的高通量方法被克隆出来,IL-1家族成员众多,但大多作为促炎因子参与多种疾病[15]。IL-38编码基因位于人类染色体2q13-14.1上,与白介素36受体拮抗剂(IL-36Ra)及白介素1受体拮抗剂(IL-1Ra)编码基因相近,因三者的基因序列高度同源,其生物学功能与IL-36Ra和IL-1Ra也相仿,已被证实通过与特异性白介素36受体(IL-36R)结合来减轻炎症通路中核转录因子(NF-κB)的激活[16,17]。IL-38也可通过阻断白介素1相关蛋白1(IL1RAPL1)信号来限制炎性巨噬细胞和Th17细胞下游炎症因子的激活[18];另有研究表明,IL-38可减少IL-17、IL-22等炎症因子的产生及抑制PBMC产生IL-8[19];动物实验也证实,IL-38能够减轻小鼠皮肤炎症并减少IL-17的产生[20]。目前研究证实IL-38在多种疾病中具有抗炎作用。IL-38除參与肺外各种急慢性炎症反应外,还参与肺部炎症疾病进程,对于哮喘患儿IL-38可抑制调节性T淋巴细胞激活[21];其在急性特发性肺纤维化患者肺组织中有明显表达[22];此外,肺腺癌患者肿瘤细胞中IL-38的表达与PD-1L表达增加及预后不良有关[23]。   眾所周知,COPD患者气道炎症长期存在,急性加重期体内多种炎症介质表达明显上调,本研究结果显示,急性加重组患者外周血IL-38表达水平高于稳定组及对照组,且稳定组高于对照组,这与相关研究一致[12],证实IL-38参与COPD这一慢性炎性疾病进程。同时,急性加重组患者外周血IL-6、CRP、PCT、N和D-二聚体等炎症指标高于稳定组及对照组,推测AECOPD患者体内炎症反应加剧,进一步刺激机体上调IL-38的表达以限制炎症反应,提示IL-38的表达与AECOPD患者体内炎性反应水平有关。
  急性加重是COPD预后不良的独立危险因素。无论是GOLD指南和DOSE评分,均强调了急性加重次数对于疾病风险的重要临床价值。本研究结果显示,外周血IL-38的表达水平在急性加重组患者中,CD组高于AB组,高危组高于低危组,相关分析及多元回归分析显示,过去1年急性加重次数与其表达水平呈正相关,且是其独立影响因素,这提示IL-38表达水平对于患者的病情严重程度、再发风险有重要的相关性和预后价值。推测患者过去1年急性加重次数越多,IL-38的表达越高。本研究进一步探讨了IL-38与患者临床指标的相关性,结果发现患者外周血IL-38表达水平与IL-6、CRP、DOSE评分及mMRC评分呈正相关,与FEV1%预计值呈负相关;多元回归分析显示,除过去1年急性加重次数外,IL-6、CRP也是外周血IL-38的独立影响因素。这提示IL-38与炎性指标相关,证实其参与体内炎性反应进程,推测AECOPD患者体内炎性反应水平越高,症状越重,同时合并通气功能受损严重,病情也越严重。
  综上所述,外周血IL-38在AECOPD患者表达上调,且与体内炎性反应水平相关,可以作为AECOPD患者急性加重风险的独立危险评估因素。
  参考文献:
  [1]Halpin DMG,Celli BR,Criner GJ,et al.The GOLD Summit on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in low-and middle-income countries[J].Int J Tuberc Lung Dis,2019,23(11):1131-1141.
  [2]Zheng J,Shi Y,Xiong L,et al.The Expression of IL-6, TNF-alpha, and MCP-1 in Respiratory Viral Infection in Acute Exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease[J].J Immunol Res,2017(2017):8539294.
  [3]Le Rouzic O,Pichavant M,Frealle E,et al.Th17 cytokines: novel potential therapeutic targets for COPD pathogenesis and exacerbations[J].Eur Respir J,2017,50(4):1602434.
  [4]Barnes PJ.Inflammatory mechanisms in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease [J].J Allergy Clin Immunol,2016,138(1):16-27.
  [5]Lin H,Ho AS,Haley-Vicente D,et al.Cloning and characterization of IL-1HY2, a novel interleukin-1 family member[J].J Biol Chem,2001,276(23):20597-20602.
  [6]Xu F,Lin S,Yan X,et al.Interleukin 38 Protects Against Lethal Sepsis[J].J Infect Dis,2018,218(7):1175-1184.
  [7]Mercurio L,Morelli M,Scarponi C,et al.IL-38 has an anti-inflammatory action in psoriasis and its expression correlates with disease severity and therapeutic response to anti-IL-17A treatment [J].Cell Death Dis,2018,9(11):1104.
  [8]Rudloff I,Godsell J,Nold-Petry CA,et al.Brief Report: Interleukin-38 Exerts Antiinflammatory Functions and Is Associated With Disease Activity in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus[J].Arthritis Rheumatol,2015,67(12):3219-3225.
  [9]Xu WD,Su LC,He CS,et al.Plasma interleukin-38 in patients with rheumatoid arthritis[J].Int Immunopharmacol,2018(65):1-7.
  [10]Boutet MA,Bart G,Penhoat M,et al.Distinct expression of interleukin (IL)-36alpha, beta and gamma, their antagonist IL-36Ra and IL-38 in psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis and Crohn's disease [J].Clin Exp Immunol,2016,184(2):159-173.   [11]Zhong Y,Yu K,Wang X,et al.Elevated Plasma IL-38 Concentrations in Patients with Acute ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction and Their Dynamics after Reperfusion Treatment[J].Mediators Inflamm,2015(2015):490120.
  [12]朱亚茜,马淑萍,李波,等.白细胞介素38在慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者血清中的表达及临床意义[J].中华医学杂志,2018,98(10):759-762.
  [13]Jones RC,Donaldson GC,Chavannes NH,et al.Derivation and validation of a composite index of severity in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the DOSE Index[J].Am J Respir Crit Care Med,2009,180(12):1189-1195.
  [14]陳亚红.2019年GOLD慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊断,治疗及预防全球策略解读[J].中国医学前沿杂志,2018,11(1):1-14.
  [15]Van Asseldonk EJ,Stienstra R,Koenen TB,et al.The effect of the interleukin-1 cytokine family members IL-1F6 and IL-1F8 on adipocyte differentiation[J].Obesity (Silver Spring),2010,18(11):2234-2236.
  [16]Bensen JT,Dawson PA,Mychaleckyj JC,et al.Identification of a novel human cytokine gene in the interleukin gene cluster on chromosome 2q12-14[J].Journal of Interferon & Cytokine Research,2001,21(11):899-904.
  [17]Yuan X,Peng X,Li Y,et al.Role of IL-38 and its related cytokines in inflammation[J].Mediators Inflamm,2015(2015):807976.
  [18]Mora J,Schlemmer A,Wittig I,et al.Interleukin-38 is released from apoptotic cells to limit inflammatory macrophage responses[J].Journal of Molecular Cell Biology,2016,8(5):426-438.
  [19]Van De Veerdonk FL,Stoeckman AK,Wu G,et al.IL-38 binds to the IL-36 receptor and has biological effects on immune cells similar to IL-36 receptor antagonist[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,2012,109(8):3001-3005.
  [20]Takenaka SI,Kaieda S,Kawayama T,et al.IL-38:A new factor in rheumatoid arthritis[J].Biochem Biophys Rep,2015(4):386-391.
  [21]Han Y,Mora J,Huard A,et al.IL-38 Ameliorates Skin Inflammation and Limits IL-17 Production from gammadelta T Cells[J].Cell Rep,2019,27(3):835-846.
  [22]Tominaga M,Okamoto M,Kawayama T,et al.Overexpression of IL-38 protein in anticancer drug-induced lung injury and acute exacerbation of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis[J].Respiratory Investigation,2017,55(5):293-299.
  [23]Takada K,Okamoto T,Tominaga M,et al.Clinical implications of the novel cytokine IL-38 expressed in lung adenocarcinoma: Possible association with PD-L1 expression[J].PLoS One 2017,12(7):e0181598.
  收稿日期:2020-06-26;修回日期:2020-07-24
  编辑/王朵梅
转载注明来源:https://www.xzbu.com/1/view-15353241.htm