基于目标区域温光比较的双季早粳稻试种
来源:用户上传
作者:欧阳由男 王艳丽 叶淑珍 何贤彪 秦叶波
摘 要:选用寒地早粳稻品种龙庆稻3号和空育131,以及早籼稻中早39在杭州3月1日播种,大棚育秧,18日移栽。通过黑龙江虎林(经度132.61°,纬度45.63°)和浙江杭州(经度119.94°,纬度30.08°)两地的2011-2018年的平均日气温、>10℃活动积温和2018年日光照时数等温光因子的比较,结合参试早稻生育期、产量及其构成和稻米品质,分析了寒地早粳稻在杭州地区双季早粳种植的适宜时期。讨论了长江中下游双季早稻“理想温光生态型粳稻”品种选育等问题,提出根据目标区域温光资源和寒地早粳稻温光特性相适宜的双季早粳稻引种策略。
关键词:双季早稻;区域温光资源;粳稻;理想温光型
中图分类号:S511 文献标志码:A
Trial Planting of Double Cropping Early Japonica Rice Based on Comparison of Temperature and Light in Target Area
OUYANG Younan1,WANG Yanli2*,YE Shuzhen1,HE Xianbiao3,QIN Yebo4
(1China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, China; 2Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310022, China; 3Taizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Taizhou, Zhejiang 318001, China; 4Zhejiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Hangzhou,Zhejiang 310020, China)
Abstract: Early Japonica rice varieties Longqingdao 3, Kongyu 131 and Zhongzao 39 were sown on March 1 in greenhouse and transplanted on March 18 in Hangzhou. Based on the comparison of the average daily temperature, > 10 ℃ active accumulated temperature and sunshine hours in 2011-2018 between Hulin, Heilongjiang Province (longitude 132.61 ° and latitude 45.63°) and Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province (longitude 119.94° and latitude 30.08°), with the analysis of the growth period, yield and quality of early rice, the suitable period of double cropping early Japonica rice planting in Hangzhou was studied. According to the temperature-light resources in the target area and the suitable temperature-light characteristics for early Japonica rice in the cold region, the introduction strategy of double cropping early Japonica rice was put forward, and the breeding of“ideal temperature-light ecotype Japonica rice”in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River was discussed.
Key words: Double cropping early rice; regional temperature and light resources; Japonica rice; ideal type of temperature and light
20世纪50年代以来,长江流域早季粳稻(早粳稻)的研究一直在持续[1]。除了极少数本地选育的早粳稻品种[2-4],大多引用北方早熟粳稻[5],基本沿用早i稻种植技术模式,生育期短,产量和品质迄今未有突破[6-7]。显然要想在长江流域早籼改早粳,首先必须决解决早粳稻生物量小的问题,从北方早粳稻感温性[8]和耐冷生长[9]的基本特性来看,解决这个问题的有效途径,关键在于通过北方粳稻苗期耐低温生长习性将长江流域早春积温利用起来。本文通过比对黑龙江省早粳稻区5-9月和浙江省杭州市3-6月的有效积温和光照时数,引用北方早粳稻品种在杭州早春季引种试种,在长江流域早籼改早粳提供参考。
1 材料与方法
1.1 试验地点
试验于2017年和2018年分别在中国水稻研究所试验基地(以下简称水稻所基地;浙江富阳;经度119.94°,纬度30.08°)和黑龙江省牡丹江农垦银虎寒地农作物科研所(以下简称银虎科研所,黑龙江省虎林市;经度132.61°,纬度45.63°)进行。中国水稻研究所试验稻田土壤为青紫泥,耕作层土壤有机质含量36.8 g/kg,碱解氮142 mg/kg、速效磷17 mg/kg、速效钾14.1 mg/kg,pH值6.9。银虎科研所试验田土壤属草甸稻田土,有机质37.8g/ kg,碱解氮146.56 mg/kg,速效磷26.5mg/kg,速效钾133.63mg/kg,pH值6.37。两地试验田前作为水稻,冬闲田。
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