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基于4类农业生产经营主体需求的职业技能培训差异分析

来源:用户上传      作者:党养性 郑伟

  摘要 通过对陕西省7县1 200名农业生产经营主体职业技能培训现状需求及原因进行调查分析,发现农业经营主体的受教育程度、产业发展需求定位、年龄因素以及以往参加培训经历对其参加农业职业技能培训有显著影响。从改善教育培训供给侧的角度来看,从培训目标定位、课程内容选取、师资遴选、组织形式等方面提出一些对策与建议,以期进一步提高4类农业生产经营主体教育培训的针对性和指向性,激发内生动力,助推高质量发展。
  关键词 农业生产经营主体;调查分析;需求差异;技能培训
  中图分类号 S-01 文献标识码 A
  文章编号 0517-6611(2022)04-0266-04
  doi:10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2022.04.069
  开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID):
  Analysis of Vocational Skills Training Differences Based on the Demands of Four Types of Agricultural Production and Operation Entities―Based on the Investigation on Agricultural production and Operation Entities in Seven Counties of Shaanxi Province
  DANG Yang-xing, ZHENG Wei (Department of Economics and Trade,Yangling Vocational and Technical College, Yangling, Shaanxi712100)
  Abstract Through the investigation and analysis of the current demands and reasons for the vocational skills training of 1 200 agricultural production and operators in 7 counties of Shaanxi Province, it was found that the education level, the orientation of industry development demand, the age factor and the previous training experience of agricultural operators had significant influences on the agricultural vocational skill training. Therefore, starting from the angle ofimproving the supply side of education and training, this paper put forward some countermeasures and suggestions according to the demands from the orientation of training objectives, the selection of course contents, the selection of teachers, the organizational form and other aspects, so as to further improve the pertinence and directionalityof education and training for four types of agricultural production and operators, stimulate the endogenous impetus and promote high-quality development.
  Key words Agriculture production and operation entities;Investigation and analysis;Demand difference;Skill training
  基金项目 陕西省职业技术教育学会2021年重点课题(2021SZXZD02);陕西省教育科学研究院2018年职教规划课题(SGH18V077);杨凌职业技术学院2019年人文社科重点项目(GJ19081)。
  作者简介 党养性(1982―),男,陕西合阳人,副教授,硕士,从事农业经济管理和连锁经营管理专业教育教学研究。
  收稿日期 2021-04-20
  十九大报告提出实施乡村振兴战略,人才振兴是实施乡村振兴战略的关键环节。大力培育有文化、懂技术、善经营、会管理的高素质农民队伍,扎根农村、深耕现代农业,充分发挥主体作用,是实现乡村振兴强有力的人才引领与智力支撑。培育新型职业农民,关键是要结合区域农业发展实际,根据各类经营主体需求,按需开展精准培训,提高培训的有效性和针对性,强化各类经营主体技能,激发产业发展的内生动力,使之真正成为农民致富的榜样和农业发展的生力军。
  1 4类农业生产经营主体及其特点
  根农业生产组织形式及规模标准,可将农业生产经营主体分为农户、家庭农场、农民专业合作社和农业产业化龙头企业4类。
  1.1 农户 农户是指实施家庭联产承包经营所产生的以家庭为单位、集生产与消费于一体的农业微观经营主体。我国现有农户2.07亿户,经营71.4%的耕地,是最主要的农业经营主体,在提供基本农产品、维护国家粮食安全、传承农耕文明、支撑国民经济发展等方面发挥着不可替代的基础性作用。

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