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基于乡村聚落质量评价的喀斯特地区人地关系研究

来源:用户上传      作者:安佑志 张凤太

  摘 要:喀斯特地区是我国人地关系矛盾较突出的区域之一,山地-坝地地貌组合为人地关系研究提供了典型案例。随着国家基本农田保护政策的出台和生态红线的划定,广顺镇加快了村庄规划设计,确保有效指导和规范农村建设行为,加快农村人居环境的整治和提升。以广顺镇山地-坝地系统为研究区,构建乡村聚落质量评价指数,探讨了人地关系类型及其驱动机制。结果表明:(1)广顺镇乡村聚落质量总体上是下降的,是由于聚耕比、聚水比的数值呈增加趋势,聚路比呈现先增加后下降的趋势;(2)从聚耕比、聚水比、聚路比指数来看,各种类型都出现了波动变化的特征,但各指数在山地和坝地等不同区域的变化类型各异;(3)广顺镇3种人地关系类型之间出现了相互转化的关系,在3种人地关系类中以两两发生变化的类型为主;(4)广顺镇乡村聚落经历了自然扩展、道路指向型扩展和按规划扩展等阶段。
  关键词:人地关系;喀斯特;乡村聚落;广顺镇
  中图分类号 P931.5 文献标识码 A 文章编号 1007-7731(2022)05-0005-06
  Abstract: Karst area is one of the areas where the contradiction between human and land is more prominent in China. The combination of mountain and dam landform provides a typical case for the study of man land relationship. With the introduction of the national basic farmland protection policy and the delimitation of the ecological red line, Guangshun town has accelerated the planning and design of villages, ensured the effective guidance and standardization of rural construction activities, and accelerated the renovation and improvement of rural human settlements. Taking the mountain dam land system of Guangshun town as the research area, the evaluation index of rural settlement quality is constructed, and the types of human land relationship and its driving mechanism are discussed. The results show that:(1)the quality of rural settlements in Guangshun town is generally decreasing, because the values of the ratio of cultivation and water accumulation are increasing, and the ratio of road accumulation is increasing first and then decreasing; (2)From the aspect of the ratio of concentrated cultivation, the ratio of accumulated water and the ratio of accumulated Road, all kinds of indexes have the characteristics of fluctuation, but the change types of each index are different in different regions such as mountain and dam land; (3)The relationship between the three types of human land relationship in Guangshun town has been transformed, among which the two types have changed; (4)Rural settlements in Guangshun town have experienced natural expansion, road oriented expansion and planning expansion.
  Key words: Human and land relationship; Karst; Rural settlement; Guangshun town
  1 引言
  人地P系研究一直以来是人文地理学和自然地理学等多学科综合交叉研究的重要的科学问题之一[1]。在地理学家的努力之下,多视角人地关系理论研究日趋成熟,人地关系方法研究多样化,人地关系案例研究更加丰富,并成为了生态文明建设的理论基础[2]。
  近年来,在国家实施的长江经济带可持续发展[3]、黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展[4]、主体功能区规划[5]、美丽中国建设[6]、乡村振兴[7]、人居环境整治[8]等发展政策中都融入了人地关系协调发展的理念。人地关系的研究方法主要有人地系统脆弱性评价、人地系统耦合度评价、人地系统动力学模型等[9],具体的研究方法应根据研究对象的特点来确定,如构建坡耕地-聚落比值来研究坡耕地分区区域的人地矛盾[10]、构建聚耕比、聚水比和聚落质量指数等研究绿洲区域的人地关系[11,12]。在研究对象的选择上,选取典型的人地矛盾冲突区域,如史前聚落[13]、沙漠绿洲[14]、喀斯特地区[15]、河流三角洲[16]、黄土高原等水土流失严重区域[17]、沿海地区[18]等。总体看来,已有研究成果在研究方法、研究区域等方面积累了丰富的研究案例,人地关系研究成为乡村地理学研究的理论基础[19],对于研究和探讨喀斯特地区的人地关系具有重要的参考价值。

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