2018―2020年菏泽市新生儿首针乙肝疫苗、卡介苗接种情况分析

来源:用户上传      作者:侯敏 台鲁颖 曹燕仃

　　[摘要] 目的了解新生菏渍胍腋我呙纾HepB）和卡介苗（BCG）的接种情况及影响因素，探讨免疫策略，为提高两种疫苗的及时接种率提供理论依据。方法将 2018―2020年菏泽市综合医院产科新生儿首针乙肝疫苗和卡介苗接种率、首针乙肝疫苗未及时接种原因、卡介苗未接种原因、母亲乙肝病毒表面抗原（HBsAg）阳性新生儿乙肝免疫球蛋白注射情况等用 Excel 2003和 SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析。结果2018―2020年菏泽市医疗机构产科报告活产儿数呈逐年递减的趋势;2018―2020年菏泽市医疗机构产科新生儿首针乙肝疫苗和卡介苗接种率保持在较高水平，均高于95%（乙肝疫苗分别为99.54%、99.63%和 99.30%;卡介苗分别为97.61%、97.53%和 97.54%）;未及时接种乙肝疫苗的原因，以转儿科、发热和急性严重疾病为主;未接种卡介苗的原因，以转儿科、发热和急性严重疾病为主。2018―2020年母亲 HBsAg 阳性新生儿同时注射乙肝疫苗、乙肝免疫球蛋白率分别为96.46%、97.34%、98.76%，呈现逐年上升的趋势。结论加强宣传和培训，增强公众对预防接种的认知和工作人员正确把握接种禁忌证是提高新生儿乙肝疫苗和卡介苗接种率的关键。提高新生儿首针乙肝疫苗和卡介苗的接种率，可降低疫苗预防疾病的发病率。
　　[关键词] 新生儿;首针乙肝疫苗;卡介苗;接种情况
　　[中图分类号] R186 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 2095-0616（2022）06-0132-04
　　Analysis on the vaccination of newborns with the first dose of HepB and BCG vaccine in Heze City from 2018 to 2020
　　HOU MinTAI Luying2CAO Yanding
　　1. Heze center for Disease Control and Prevention， Shandong， Heze 274000， China;2. Dingtao center for Disease Control and Prevention， Shandong， Dingtao 274100， China
　　[Abstract] Objective To understand the vaccination status and factors affecting the vaccination of newborns with the first dose of hepatitis B （HepB） vaccine and bacillus calmette-guérin （BCG） vaccine， and to explore immunization strategies， so as to provide a theoretical basis for improving the timely vaccination rate of the two vaccines. Methods The data collected from the Obstetrics Department of Heze General Hospital from 2018 to 2020， including vaccination rates of newborns with the first dose of HepB vaccine and BCG vaccine， the reasons for not receiving the first dose of HepB vaccine in a timely manner， the reasons for not receiving BCG vaccine， and the injection of HepB immunoglobulin in newborns whose mothers were positive for HepB virus surface antigen （HBsAg）， were statistically analyzed using Excel 2003 and SPSS 23.0 software. Results The number of reported live-born infants in obstetrics departments of medical institutions in Heze City showed a decreasing trend year by year from 2018 to 2020. The vaccination rates of newborns with the first dose of HepB vaccine and BCG vaccine in obstetrics departments of medical institutions in Heze City remained at a high level from 2018 to 2020， both above 95%（99.54%， 99.63% and 99.30% for HepB vaccine from 2018 to 2020;97.61%， 97.53% and 97.54% for BCG vaccine from 2018 to 2020， respectively）. Referral to pediatrics and the presence of fever and acute severe diseases were the main reasons for not receiving HepB vaccine in a timely manner. Meanwhile， referral to pediatrics and the presence of fever and acute severe diseases were also the main reasons for not receiving BCG vaccine. The rates of concurrent vaccination with HepB vaccine and HepB immunoglobulin in newborns with HBsAg-positive mothers were 96.46%， 97.34% and 98.76% respectively from 2018 to 2020， showing an increasing trend year by year. Conclusion Strengthening publicity and training on vaccination， enhancing public awareness of vaccination and the correct grasp of vaccination staff on contraindications to vaccination are the keys to improving the vaccination rate of newborns with HepB vaccine and BCG vaccine. Improving the vaccination rate of newborns with the first dose of HepB vaccine and BCG vaccine can reduce the incidence of vaccine-preventable diseases.

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