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黑龙江省2019年新育成水稻品种品质性状分析

来源:用户上传      作者:于艳敏 闫平 武洪涛 刘海英 徐振华 张书利 吴立成 杨忠良

  摘要:为明确黑龙江省最新水稻品种品质特性及优质米情况,选取2019年新审定的粳稻品种52份,对糙米率、整精米率、垩白粒率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量、粗蛋白含量、胶稠度、食味值等指标进行化验检测。结果表明,二级优质米标准达标率为100%,不同积温区水稻品种均表现为垩白米粒率和垩白度变异较大。在品质改良过程中第一积温区需注重提高糙米率和整精米率,第二和第三积温区胶稠度和直链淀粉含量有待提高,第四积温区垩白米粒率和垩白度需要降低,胶稠度和直链淀粉含量应适当提高。通径分析表明对食味值直接贡献最大的是垩白度,其次是粗蛋白和胶稠度。黑龙江省2019年新审定水稻品种米质优良,为食味值提高奠定了基础。
  关键词:水稻;审定品种;品质性状;性状分析;黑龙江省
  中图分类号:S511文献标志码:A论文编号:cjas2020-0128
  Quality Traits’Analysis of Newly Approved Rice Varieties of Heilongjiang Province in 2019
  YU Yanmin1,2,3, YAN Ping2,3, WU Hongtao2,3, LIU Haiying2,3, XU Zhenhua2,3, ZHANG Shuli2,3, WU Licheng2,3, YANG Zhongliang2,3
  (1Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme, Harbin 150086, Heilongjiang, China; 2Biotechnology Institute of Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150229, Heilongjiang, China;
  3Northeast Branch Center of National Saline-tolerant Rice Technology Innovation Center, Harbin 150229, Heilongjiang, China)
  Abstract: To clarify the quality traits and breeding status of the latest rice varieties in Heilongjiang Province, a total of 52 japonica rice varieties approved in 2019 were selected and tested for the traits of brown rice rate, milled rice rate, cretaceous grain rate, chalkiness degree, amylose content, crude protein content, glue consistency and etc. The results showed that 100% of the varieties were up to the Level 2 high-quality rice standard, and the chalkiness grain rate and chalkiness degree of rice varieties in different accumulated temperature zones significantly varied. In the process of quality improvement, the first accumulated temperature zone should focus on improving the brown rice rate and head rice rate, while the gel consistency and amylose content in the second and third accumulated temperature zone should be improved, and the fourth zone should reduce the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree, and improve the gel consistency and amylose content. Path analysis showed that chalkiness degree contributed directly and most to taste value, followed by crude protein content and gel consistency. Newly approved rice varieties of Heilongjiang Province in 2019 have good quality, and the taste value can be improved further based on the study.
  Keywords: rice; approved variety; quality trait; quality trait analysis; Heilongjiang Province
  0引言
  黑龙江是中国最大的粳稻生产省,水稻种植面积约4×106hm2,占全国粳稻种植面积的45%左右[1-2],是中国最重要优质粳稻生产基地。随着经济社会发展和生活水平的改善,人们对稻米品质要求逐年升高[3],优质粳稻越来越受到消费者的青睐和市场的欢迎[4]。以往对于品质性状的研究主要围绕品质性状间相关分析、米质分析、品质性状与食味值关系等方面开展,对于最新审定水稻品种品质特性分析和优质达标率等报道较少。黑龙江省通^审定的水稻新品种逐年增加,但是存在优质粳稻品种匮乏、生产上优质品种单一、产量低、抗性差等问题[5-6],改善稻米品质成为当前水稻育种亟待解决的问题[7],品质育种是当前黑龙江省水稻育种研究的重要方向。笔者以黑龙江省2019年新审定粳稻品种为材料,对不同积温区水稻品种的品质性状、优质达标率进行分析,并对品质性状与食味值进行通径分析,以期为黑龙江省稻米品质改良及优质稻米品质育种提供依据。

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