城市草坪土壤N2 O排放及其影响因素研究进展

来源:用户上传      作者:邢肖毅 张亚丽 杨贤均 李晓红 倪绯

　　摘要草坪是城市绿地建设的重要组成部分，随着城市化发展，其分布面积大幅增加。一些草坪存在较高程度的人为管理，包括施肥、灌溉等，因而N2O排放较高，甚至高于农田和其他自然生态系统。微生物调控的反硝化作用是草坪土壤N2O排放的主要贡献者，草坪土壤具有较丰富的反硝化微生物，但其群落组成及对反硝化作用的调控机制尚不清楚。草坪土壤N2O排放速率变异较大，受氮肥施用、土壤水分含量、温度、草坪植被、建立年限等多种因素的影响。N2O减排重在遵循草坪植被氮素吸收规律，改革肥水措施，并促进N2O向N2的转化。不同地域、不同环境条件下草坪土壤N2O排放规律及其微生物驱动机制还应进一步加强研究，以评估城市化发展对N2O排放及温室效应的贡献。
　　关键词城市草坪;N2O排放;反硝化作用;影响因素;N2O减排
　　中图分类号X22文献标识码A文章编号0517-6611（2022）15-0006-05
　　doi：10.3969/j.issn.0517-6611.2022.15.002
　　开放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：
　　Research Progress of Nitrous Oxide Emission and Its Influencing Factors in Urban Turfgrass Soils
　　XING Xiao-yi， ZHANG Ya-li， YANG Xian-jun et al
　　（College of Urban and Rural Construction， Shaoyang University， Shaoyang， Hunan 422000）
　　AbstractUrbanization has been increasing worldwide. The rapid transition of populations from rural to urban areas demands more green spaces. As a result， the area of turfgrass has increased dramatically， and will continuously expand at an unprecedented rate in the following decades. Some turfgrass systems experienced high degree of artifical management， including but not limited to irrigation and fertilizaiton， therefore， they presented higher N2O emission capacity， even higher than agricultural and some natrual ecosystems. Denitrification， mediated by denitrifiers， was the main contributor to N2O emission from turf soils. Turf soils presented abundant denitrifying microorganisms;however， little was known about the internal combination between denitrifiers’ community structure and their denitrification capacity. N2O flux in turf soils showed higher variation， which was affected by various factors， such as fertilization， soil moisture， soil temperature， vegetation type， establishment years， etc. The key strategy to reduce N2O emission was to reform fertilization and water management based on the characteristic of nitrogen absorption， moreover， promote further reduction of N2O to N2. Further research should be directed toward N2O emission characteristics in different regions and under different environmental conditions， and the underlying microbial mechanism， which is conducive to evaluate the contribution of urbanization to N2O and greenhouse effect.
　　Key wordsUrban turfgrass;N2O emission;Denitrification;Influencing factors;N2O emission reduction
　　近资年全球城市化进程不断加快，城市绿地面积随之快速增加[1]。草坪是城市绿地最主要的组成部分，在吸收CO2、过滤有害物质、降低噪音、吸滞粉尘、增加空气湿度等方面具有重要作用[2-4]。随着生态文明理念的提出，城市生态环境越来越被人们所关注，可预测未来草坪的面积还会进一步增加[5]。城市草坪往往经历频繁的氮肥施用和灌溉，为N2O排放创造了良好的条件。N2O是一种重要的温室气体，其百年增温潜势是CO2的296倍[6]。目前对N2O排放的研究主要集中于农田及自然生态系统[7-8]，较少关注城镇用地。然而，随着草坪面积的不断增加，其对N2O的贡献逐渐受到了研究者的关注[1-2，9]。

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