英文摘要

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　　ABSTRACTS
　　Grand Strategy：Evolution， Logic， and Application in China
　　GE Hanwen
　　ABSTRACT： The formulation and implementation of grand strategy plays a vital role in a nation’s transition from a strong state to a great one in the vicissitudes of international politics. The origins of modern grand strategic studies as an academic discipline can be traced back to the Second World War. The voluminous body of literature as a result of the increasing popularity of strategic studies among scholars and practitioners of international relations since the 1970s has exerted a lasting influence on major powers’ strategic behavior. Grand strategy， in a narrow sense， concerns how to achieve military victory by way of coordinating the actual or potential use of force on the one hand and the overall political ends on the other. In a broader sense， grand strategy is about how to attain a set of clear， rational， and generally feasible strategic objectives by commanding and directing the full resources of a state， political， economic， military， and spiritual （and/or an ally）， and by means of making peace or waging war. One major research method employed in strategic studies is to study the past cases of the rise and fall of various great powers in order to summarize the logic， application， and implications of grand strategy as an art rather than a science. Chinese history is also a fountainhead of numerous ancient strategic thoughts from which modern policymakers and strategic planners draw wisdom. As China has entered a new era， Chinese strategic studies must keep pace with the new developments in world politics and its focus should fall on serving the present by examining the past.
　　KEYWORDS： grand strategy， theory， Chinese grand strategy， Chinese diplomacy
　　Chinese Diplomacy vis-a-vis the Developing World
　　ZHANG Chun
　　ABSTRACT： Since the end of the Cold War， China has strengthened cooperation with various developing regions of the world， with the inauguration of the China-CELAC （Community of Latin American and Caribbean States） Forum in 2015 marking the extension of China’s diplomatic outreach into each developing regions. China’s growing diplomatic presence in different developing regions is a result of major innovations in both doctrinal and practical senses in China’s comprehensive diplomacy in a new era. Intensified， region-focused diplomatic interaction with the developing world has promoted institutionalized engagement with regional powers， diversified China’s diplomatic toolkit， and enhanced regional capacity to meet challenges in the developing world. Viewing developing regions of the world as separate geographic entities has also helped promote region-wide collective identification and economic integration. The realities of global systematic transitions， China’s spectacular rise， and developing countries’ growing weight present multiple challenges and require further improvements in terms of guiding principle， strategic thinking， and policy option in China’s foreign policy. 　　KEYWORDS： Chinese diplomacy， Xi Jinping thought， developing world， region-focused approach
　　Global AI Governance： the Early Arrival of Future and A New Agenda
　　GONG Chen
　　ABSTRACT： The development of artificial intelligence （AI） has affected globalization and world politics and economy in such domains as science and technology， data processing， Internet development， and IT application. At the same time， advances in artificial intelligence also present major challenges with global implications. Major actors in international politics， nation-states in particular， have no other choice but to participate in better global AI governance in order to make better use of artificial intelligence in the service of economic growth and social progress. AI-related global concerns are reflected in the global apprehension about the negative effects of AI technology and the challenges to international security and global governance. In this context， a new global governance agenda in the AI age must be， first and foremost， an agenda about AI itself. A general approach to better AI governance should focus on an integrated， legalized， and specialized model whereby government actions regulate， directly and indirectly， AI development and promote international AI cooperation. China has to deepen its participation in global AI governance so as to better harness AI technology for the purposes of improving economic governance and corporate strategic planning， better protecting the ecosystem and environment， and promoting the Belt and Road Initiative.
　　KEYWORDS： artificial intelligence， global governance， AI governance， Chinese wisdom
　　Bridging the Latin American Digital Divide for a China-Latin America Digital Silk Road
　　LOU Xiangfei and YANG Jian
　　ABSTRACT： Emerging with the rapid development of Information and Communications Technology （ICT）， the Digital Silk Road adds a new dimension to the Belt and Road initiative， which drives the development of the Silk Road Economic Belt. ICT cooperation between China and Latin America helps bridge the digital divide in Latin America and meet its need of IT development. In building the “Digital Silk Road，” China and Latin America have to face not only the competition from the Western countries， but also problems such as policy formulation and inefficient communications. At present， the China-Latin America “Digital Silk Road” is being built by both the governments and the private sector； exchanges at the government level have encouraged many Chinese Internet enterprises to cooperate with their counterpart in Latin America. Last but not least， both sides still have to address challenges in building the “Digital Silk Road”. As the initiator， China should plan systematically for the “Digital Silk Road.” 　　KEYWORDS： digital silk road， digital divide， digital economy， China-Latin America cooperation
　　A Analysis of the International Discursive Power of Chinese Diplomacy/Security Think Tanks
　　ZHANG Ji and FANG Jiongsheng
　　ABSTRACT： Diplomacy/security think tanks are important contributor to China’s international discursive power. Power resources and power usage are the two perspectives from which to measure China’s discursive power. Power resources refers to the five sources of supply of policy， theory， talent， platform， and public opinion. With respect to power usage， think tanks seek to increase national discursive power by exerting a greater influence on the foreign policies of both home and foreign countries and on international agenda setting. Despite the increasing number of Chinese think tanks since the conclusion of the 18th Party Congress， there still remains a wide gap between think tanks’ intellectual supple and the government’s policy demand. In order to increase their international discursive power， think tanks have to improve their research programs， optimize organizational structure and research methodology， increase global engagement and talent reserves， and build up opinion-shaping capabilities.
　　KEYWORDS： Chinese diplomacy， think tank， international discursive power， foreign policy making
　　International Discursive Logic on the South China Sea Disputes： An Analysis of Recent Literature from American Think Tanks
　　LI Dongyi
　　ABSTRACT： U.S. interference has been one of the major factors fueling the tensions over territorial disputes in the South China Sea. Taking advantage of its discursive power superiority， Washington has created new uncertainties and barriers for the peaceful settlement of South China Sea disputes. American think tanks， as an important contributor to U.S. discursive hegemony， play a significant role in shaping international discourse with regard to South China Sea disputes. The article analyzes the categories and content of the body of literature from American think tanks on the disputes in the South China Sea since 2012. It also summarizes the lines of argument in the literature and examines their narrative patterns. The article concludes with a few policy recommendations on how Beijing should respond to and refute Washington’s narrative.
　　KEYWORDS： South China Sea disputes， discursive power， American think tanks， international public opinion， IR ideologies
　　An Analysis of the Legitimacy of Three Major Wars the United States Waged in the Post-Cold War Era 　　ZHU Tongyin
　　ABSTRACT： War is the continuation of politics by another means. The study of war cannot produce insightful outcomes without an equal importance attached to politics. The legitimacy of war is a highly political matter and exerts an enormous influence on the nature， process， and end result of war. The sources of war legitimacy are the value system， international regime， and consultative process. The degree of legitimacy with regard to the three major war waged by the United States after the end of the Cold War varies. The pursuit of global hegemony is the ultimate reason why U.S. war legitimacy decreases. An analysis of U.S. war legitimacy since the end of the Cold War produces several lessons on how China should conduct itself in the face of imminent war threat to defend its national sovereignty or territorial integrity， or how China should play a more prominent and legitimate role on the world stage as a great power. The author argues that the value system is the ultimate source of legitimacy of war； international regimes must be adhered to as they could either bolster or undercut war legitimacy； and going through a due consultative process will add a significant degree to legitimacy by producing broad international support.
　　KEYWORDS： legitimacy of american wars， value system， international norms， consultation and consent
　　International Nongovernmental Organizations and Global Climate Governance
　　LI Xinlei and WANG Binbin
　　ABSTRACT： Global climate governance has evolved from a multilateral intergovernmental mechanism to a complex regime involving diverse actors and multi-layered institutions. As a result， international nongovernmental organizations as a major participant and contributor in global climate governance have to adjust their role and approach to adapt to new challenges. In order to play a more significant part with an amplified voice， nongovernmental organizations have to increase their policy-shaping capabilities， increase their structural power by taking advantage of a world of networks and partnerships， enhance their leadership role in setting norms and making rules. If successful， nongovernmental organizations is due to play a more influential role in norm setting and climate oversight in the post-Paris accord era. The author recommends that China step up its cooperation with international nongovernmental groups and let homegrown nongovernmental organizations play a larger role so as to be more able to mobilize resources and play a leading role in global climate governance.
　　KEYWORDS： climate change， post-Paris accord Era， non-party stakeholders， international nongovernmental organizations
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