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电动汽车空调制热系统设计及研究

来源:用户上传      作者:张海 张宸瑜 郭木生

   摘 要:对纯电动汽车空调系统制热功耗高且低温环境工况下制热效果差的问题,提出一种通过回收电机余热为乘客舱制热来减少制热功耗的空调系统. 运用AMESim软件建立了电机余热循环系统模型并通过电机余热制热试验验证了该模型的准确性,建立了热泵空调制热系统模型并通过热泵空调制热试验验证了该模型的准确性,结合两个系统建立了带有电机余热回收的热泵空调系统仿真模型,分析了电机余热制热性能和电机余热辅助热泵空调制热性能. 试验结果表明,电机余热单独制热在中等车速、环境温度高于10 ℃的工况下能够满足制热需求;电机余热辅助热泵空调制热能够有效提高制热效率,在电机转速为3 000 r/min、压缩机转速为4 000 r/min、环境温度为-5 ℃的工况下,等效制热能效比能够达到3.4,比同工况下热泵空调单独制热模式的能效比提高了约48%. 该系统可以有效提高纯电动汽车的能源利用率,改善空调系统的制热性能.
   关键词:电动汽车;热泵系统;空调;余热利用;低温制热
   中图分类号:U463.85;U469.72 文献标志码:A
  Design and Research of Air Conditioning
  Heating System for Electric Vehicles
  ZHANG Hai,ZHANG Chenyu?,GUO Musheng
  ( School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,East China Jiaotong University,Nanchang 330013,China)
   Abstract:To address the problems of high heating power consumption and poor heating effect in a low-temperature environment, an air conditioning system of the electric vehicle is proposed to reduce the heating power consumption by recycling motor waste heat for passenger cabin heating. Th motor waste heat circulation system model is established by AMESim software and the accuracy of the model is verified by the motor waste heat heating experiment. Then, the heat pump air conditioning heating system model is established and the accuracy of the model is checked by the heat pump air conditioning heating experiment. Finally, the simulation model of a heat pump air conditioning system with motor waste heat recovery is established, and the performance of motor waste heat and motor waste heat auxiliary heat pump air conditioning is analyzed. The experimental results show that the motor waste heat alone can meet the heating demand under the working condition of medium vehicle speed and ambient temperature above 10 ℃. The motor waste heat-assisted heat pump air conditioner heating can effectively improve the heating efficiency. And the equivalent heating energy efficiency ratio can reach 3.4 under the working conditions of the motor speed of 3 000 r/min, compressor speed of 4 000 r/min and ambient temperature of -5 ℃. Under the same working condition, the equivalent energy efficiency ratio is 48% higher than the energy efficiency ratio of the heat pump air conditioner alone. This system can effectively improve the energy utilization rate of the electric vehicle and the heating performance of the air conditioning system.
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