正念与训练比赛满意感的关系：基于问卷调查与实验研究的实证分析

来源:用户上传      作者:刘冯铂 张忠秋

　　摘 要：目的：通^两项研究探讨正念对训练比赛满意感的影响及其作用机制，为促进运动员综合发展提供新途径。方法：研究1采用问卷法对269名运动员进行测量，对变量进行相关和回归分析，并采用Bootstrap的方法对运动竞赛焦虑和教练员-运动员关系的中介效应进行检验。研究2采用2（实验条件）×2（时间点）混合设计，将66名运动员随机分配到正念训练组和对照组（每组各33人），在训练前后分别进行心理测量。结果：在研究1中，运动员正念水平与训练比赛满意感显著正相关，与运动竞赛焦虑显著负相关，与运动员-教练员关系显著正相关;运动竞赛焦虑与训练比赛满意感显著负相关;运动员-教练员关系与训练比赛满意感显著正相关;正念水平不仅可以直接影响运动员的训练比赛满意感，还可以通过运动竞赛焦虑和教练员-运动员关系对训练比赛满意感产生间接影响。在研究2中，与对照组相比，随着时间的推移，正念训练组运动员的正念水平、教练员-运动员关系和训练比赛满意感均有显著提高，运动竞赛焦虑水平显著降低;运动竞赛焦虑和教练员-运动员关系的中介作用Bootstrap分析结果与研究1一致。结论：正念既可以对训练比赛满意感产生直接作用，还可以通过运动竞赛焦虑和教练员-运动员关系间接作用于训练比赛满意感。
　　关键词：正念;运动竞赛焦虑;教练员-运动员关系;训练比赛满意感;中介机制
　　中图分类号：G 804.87 学科代码：040302 文献标识码：A
　　Abstract：Objective：To provide new methods for athletes' comprehensive development by exploring the influence of mindfulness on training and competition satisfaction and its mechanism through two studies. Methods： 269 athletes were recruited and measured with questionnaires in study 1. Correlation test and regression analysis were used to explore the relationship of all variables， and bootstrap is used to test the mediating effect between sports competition anxiety and coach-athlete relationship. The 2 （experimental conditions） × 2 （time） mixed design was used in study 2. Sixty-six athletes were recruited and randomly assigned into the mindfulness training group （n=33） and the control group （n=33）. Psychological measurements were carried out before and after training. Results： in study 1， athletes' mindfulness level was significantly positively correlated with training and competition satisfaction， significantly negatively correlated with sport competition anxiety， and significantly positively correlated with coach-athlete relationship. Sport competition anxiety was significantly negatively correlated with training and competition satisfaction. Coach-athlete relationship was significantly positively correlated with training and competition satisfaction. Mindfulness had not only direct effect on athletes' training and competition satisfaction， but also indirect effect through sport competition anxiety and coach-athlete relationship. In study 2， compared with the control group， the subjects in the intervention group showed increased mindfulness level， coach-athlete relationship， training and competition satisfaction and decreased sport competition anxiety level after mindfulness training; the mediating effect of sport competition anxiety and coach-athlete relationship was the same as study 1. Conclusion： Mindfulness has a direct influence and indirect influence mediated by sport competition anxiety and coach-athlete relationship on training and competition satisfaction.
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