基于点云数据与工程知识的桥梁形态变化识别方法

来源:用户上传      作者:熊文 李刚 张宏伟 张立奎 操川

　　摘 要：为精准评估桥梁服役状态，通过定期多次三维激光数字建模，提出一种基于点云模型与工程知识的桥梁形态变化识别与跟踪方法.首先以传统 ICP 配准算法为基础，结合工程 专业知识，仅依据优化的相对不动点集实现高效的点云分割与配准，进而针对新旧点云模型 实施三维几何差异分析，从而完成桥梁形态变化的识别与验证.最后将该方法应用于实际工 程，高精度识别出背景桥梁各关键构件一年内的形态变化，并利用工程知识对其进行验证.研究结果表明：所提出的基于工程知识的点云配准算法可高效实现三维点云间的精确配准;以此进行三维几何差异分析，可快速准确识别出桥梁构件在某一时期内的形态变化，例如主梁弯曲扭转以及桥墩偏移等.该方法可进一步提高桥梁非接触检测结果的科学性与精准性.
　　关键词：桥梁工程;形态变化;点云数据;工程知识;点云配准;三维激光扫描中图分类号：U442.59文献标志码：A
　　Change Detection Method of Bridges Geometrical Profile Based on Point Cloud Data and EngineeringkNowledge
　　XIONG Wen1?，LI Gang2，ZHANG Hongwei1，ZHANG Likui2，CAO Chuan2
　　（1.School of Transportation，Southeast University，Nanjing 211189，China;
　　2.Anhui Transportation Holding Group Co，Ltd，Hefei 230088，China）
　　Abstract：To evaluate the serve status of bridge operation precisely，based on the bridge3D point data model ob-tained at different times，the detection and tracking method of the bridge geometrical profile based on point cloud data and engineeringkNowledge is established.Firstly，based on the traditional ICP registration，combined with engi-neering professionalkNowledge，a point cloud registration algorithm that only uses relatively fixed points to partici-pate in the registration process is proposed.This algorithm is used as the main body to construct a bridge spatial de-formation identification method including the point cloud segmentation，registration，deformation identification and result verification.At last，the set of methods is applied to an engineering example to efficiently obtain the change ofgeometrical profile of each component of the bridge within one year，and the structural engineeringkNowledge is used to verify the reliability of the identification results.The results show that the proposed point cloud registration al-gorithm based on engineeringkNowledge can efficiently realize the precise registration of two point clouds.The change detection method of the bridge geometrical profile based on this algorithm can quickly and accurately identify the spatial deformation of bridge components（e.g.bending and torsion of girders and lateral bending of piers）in a period of time.This proposed method can provide more technical means and practical experience for the intelligent non-destructive testing of bridges.
　　Key words：bridge engineering;change of geometrical profile;point cloud data;engineeringkNowledge;point cloud registration;3D laser scanning
　　⑷维激光扫描技术运用于桥梁空间变形识别时，一般需在不同时间点对桥梁结构进行数字化扫 描并得到其形态点云模型，通过不同时期点云配 准[1]，得到对应点间距离差值即为该时间段内桥梁空间形态变化.因此，点云配准算法的可靠性决定了桥梁形态变化识别结果的准确性.尤其对于百万数量级点云模型的大跨度桥梁形态分析，其精度与效率间的平衡控制面临着巨大挑战[2]，配准方法的科 学性直接影响桥梁状态评估的准确性[3].

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