基于均布式多孔表面吹气的索结构尾流控制
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作者:高东来 余海洋 陈文礼
摘 要:为研究基于均布式多孔表面吹气对索结构尾流的控制效果,进行了一系列的风洞 试验.通过粒子图像测速(PIV)系统对雷诺数Re为1.0×104的无控和控制工况的索结构尾流 场进行了测量,分析了尾流的瞬时和时均流动特性,并利用本征正交分解(POD)和动态模态分解(DMD)对降阶后的模态特性进行了分析和对比.在吹气控制中,控制参数为无量纲的等效吹气系数CQ.研究结果表明:随着 CQ的增加,POD 各模态的能量分布趋于一致,流场中的拟序结构尺度趋于均一化,对旋涡脱落起控制作用的第1、2阶模态受到抑制;尾流中旋涡脱落频率被改变,分离的剪切层间的相互作用得到削弱;多个DMD模态特征值被改变,模态幅值的频域分布发生偏移;尾流中回流区的尺度变大,湍动能和雷诺应力得到显著削弱.
关键词:索结构;流动控制;多孔材料;粒子图像测速;模态分析
中图分类号:U448.25 文献标志码:A
Control of Wakes of Cable Structures Based on Blowing through Uniformly Distributed Porous Surfaces
GAO Donglai1,2,YU Haiyang1,2,CHEN Wenli1,2?
(1.Key Laboratory of Smart Prevention and Mitigation of Civil Engineering Disasters of Ministry of Industry
and Information Technology(Harbin Institute of Technology),Harbin150090,China;
2.Key Laboratory of Structures Dynamic Behavior and Control of Ministry of Education
(Harbin Institute of Technology),Harbin150090,China)
Abstract:In order to investigate the control effects on a cable structure based on blowing through uniformly dis-tributed porous surfaces,we conducted a series of wind tunnel tests.The measurements of wake flow fields of the cable structure under the uncontrolled and controlled cases with Reynolds number Re1.0×104 were achieved by a PIV system.Instantaneous and time-averaged flow characteristics was analyzed,and proper orthogonal decomposi-tion(POD)and dynamic mode decomposition(DMD)were utilized to analyze step-down modal characteristics.The non-dimensional control parameter in the blowing control was the equivalent blowing coefficient,CQ.The experimen-tal results show that with the increase of CQ,POD modal energy distributions tend to be uniform,dimensions of co-herent structures in the global flow fields are transformed to be homogeneous and the dominance of the first two PODmodes is restrained.The wake vortex shedding frequency is changed and interactions between separated shear-layers are restricted.DMD modal eigenvalues are changed and spectral distributions of mode amplitudes shifted.Further-more,the recirculation region dimension in the wake is enlarged and the turbulence kinetic energy and Reynolds shear stress are significantly weakened.
Key words:cable structures;flow control;porous materials;particle image velocimetry(PIV);modal analysis
近年恚我国大跨度桥梁建设发展迅速,主跨千 米级的桥梁不断建成.大跨度桥梁一般采用缆索承 重体系,具体的结构形式为斜拉桥与悬索桥.与中小跨度桥梁相比,大跨度斜拉桥和悬索桥的柔度大,动力效应更明显.斜拉桥和悬索桥的桥址一般处于山 谷、江河和沿海地区,风环境较为复杂.大跨度柔性 桥梁为风敏感结构,在风作用下产生的效应十分明 显,需对结构和构件的风效应进行评估[1].在定常气流的作用下,结构或构件可能会由于气动弹性失稳 而发生自激的、发散性的风致振动,如颤振和驰振;在脉动风的作用下,则可能发生限幅的强迫振动,如 抖振.对于大跨度桥梁,一种更为常见的风致振动形 式为涡激振动,该振动形式是由于钝体绕流时的旋 涡脱落频率和结构自身振动的某阶频率相接近时发生的锁定现象而产生,在较低风速区间内发生,且振 幅有限,介于发散的自激振动与限幅的强迫振动之 间[2].为保证大跨度桥梁的正常使用和承载能力,需对风致振动进行抑制,既可通过抑制结构或构件自身的振动,也可通过对绕流场的调控加以实现[3].
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