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瑞替普酶治疗急性心肌梗死的疗效观察

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  [摘要] 目的 评价瑞替普酶和尿激酶治疗急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction, AMI)的疗效性和安全性。方法 随机选取2012年1月―2013年12月北京市多家医院急诊室治疗的AMI患者120例,随机分为瑞替普酶组和尿激酶组,均无溶栓禁忌症,在常规治疗基础上分别给予瑞替普酶和尿激酶。比较两组的临床疗效、并发症发生率及溶栓后再通率。 结果 瑞替普酶组总有效率(86.67%)明显高于尿激酶组(71.67%),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组治疗后30 min和120 min溶栓后再通率比较差异无统计学意义(P >0.05),而60 min和90 min溶栓后再通率明显高于尿激酶组,差异均具有统计学意义(P <0.05)。瑞替普酶组和尿激酶组的出血发生率分别为6.67%和18.33%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。 结论 与尿激酶相比,瑞替普酶治疗AMI,溶栓后再通率迅速、并发症少、临床疗效高。
  [关键词] 溶栓;急性心肌梗死;瑞替普酶;尿激酶
  [中图分类号] R7 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2015)09(a)-0126-02
  Observation of the Clinical Effects of Reteplase (rPA) in the Treatment of Acute Myocardial Infarction (AIM)
  HU Feng-yue
  Sub-Centre of The East End, Urgent Care Centre of Beijing, Beijing,101100 China
  [Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical effects and security of reteplase (rPA) and urokinase (UK) in the treatment of AIM. Methods A total of 120 patients with AIM after emergency operation from 2012 January to 2013 December were randomly divided into group rPA and group UK, which all have no contraindications to thrombolysis. Patients in group rPA and group UK were given separately rPA and UK except routine therapy. Clinical effects, complication rate and recanalization rate after thrombolytic treatment were analyzed. Results The total effective rate of group rPA (86.67%) was obviously higher than of group UK (71.67%) (P<0.05). The statistically significant different of the recanalization rate was noticed in 30 minutes compared with 120 minutes after thrombolytic treatment (P<0.05). However, it was not clear that the recanalization rate in 60 minutes after thrombolytic treatment compared with 90 minutes (P>0.05). The rate of hemorrhage was significantly decreased in rPA group (6.67%) compared with group UK(18.33%) (P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with UK, rPA has good curative effect with AMI and are less complications. Besidesthe recanalization rate of rPA was higher after thrombolytic treatment.
  [Key words] Thrombolytic therapy; Acute myocardial infarction; Reteplase; Urokinase
  急性心肌梗死(acute myocardial infarction,AMI)是临床上常见的急危重疾病,致死率非常高。及早有效的开通闭塞的血管、恢复梗死部位的血液灌注是AMI预后的关键。溶栓治疗是基层医院开展急救的主要措施。该研究随机选取2012年1月―2013年12月该院收治的120例患者为研究对象,比较了第3代溶栓药物瑞替普酶与第1代溶栓药物尿激酶对AMI治疗的疗效性和安全性,现报道如下。
  1 资料与方法
  1.1 一般资料
  随机选取2012年1月―2013年12月在北京市多家医院急诊室治疗的AMI患者120例,诊断依据2001年中华心血管病杂志委员会推荐的AMI诊断与治疗指南,所有患者无溶栓禁忌症、均在急诊室立即进行溶栓治疗。120例患者按照随机数字表法随机分为两组,瑞替普酶组60例,男32例,女28例,年龄48~79岁,平均(65.72±8.42)岁,体重47~114 kg,平均(68.54±10.15) kg,合并高血压病18例、高脂血症14例、糖尿病11例;尿激酶组60例,男34例,女26例,年龄52~84岁,平均(66.41±8.28)岁,体重44~103 kg,平均(67.74±9.22) kg,合并高血压病20例、高脂血症13例、糖尿病12例。两组患者的年龄、性别分布、体重和合并基础疾病等比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。
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