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大连地区儿童过敏原检测结果分析

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  [摘要] 目的 分析大连地区过敏性疾病患儿血清总IgE和血清特异性IgE(sIgE)抗体水平及不同年龄组sIgE抗体的构成情况。 方法 应用速率散射比浊法检测2013年12月~2014年12月在本院就诊的185例过敏性疾病患儿血清总IgE抗体,用免疫印迹法检测sIgE抗体。 结果 总IgE抗体阳性率为54.1%,sIgE抗体阳性率为43.8%,其中吸入性过敏原阳性率为41.1%,以尘螨最为常见,占阳性患者的71.1%。食入性过敏原阳性率为31.6%,以鸡蛋白最为常见,占阳性患者的30.5% 。不同年龄组患儿吸入性过敏原阳性率差异有统计学意义(P=0.028),不同年龄组患儿食入性过敏原、总IgE抗体阳性率差异无统计学意义(P=0.522;P=0.479)。不同年龄组单一过敏原和多重过敏原比例比较,差异有统计学意义(χ2=8.752,P<0.05)。 结论 本地区不同年龄组过敏性疾病患儿的血清过敏原构成不同,故应针对不同年龄组的患儿采取不同的预防措施。
  [关键词] 儿童;过敏性疾病;总IgE抗体;特异性IgE抗体
  [中图分类号] R446.6 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2015)08(c)-0123-03
  [Abstract] Objective To analyze serum total IgE and allergen specific IgE (slgE) antibody level in children with allergic disease of Dalian district and analyze constitution of slgE antibody in different age groups. Methods Serum total IgE antibody was detected by speed scattering turbidimetric method,slgE antibody was detected by Western blotting in 185 children with allergic disease treated in our hospital from December 2013 to December 2014. Results The positive rate of total IgE antibody was 54.1%.The positive rate of slgE antibody was 43.8%,among them,positive rate of inhaled allergen was 41.1%,the dust mite was the most common,and it accounted for 71.1% of the positive patients.The positive rate of food allergen was 31.6%,chicken protein was the most common,and it accounted for 30.5% of the positive patients.There was a statistical difference of positive rate of inhaled allergen in different age groups (P=0.028).there was no statistical difference of the positive rate of food allergen and total IgE antibody in different age groups (P=0.522;P=0.479).there was a statistical difference of proportion of single allergen and multiple allergen in different age groups (χ2=8.752,P<0.05). Conclusion The serum allergen constitution of children with allergic disease in different age groups of this area is different,so the children of different age groups should be given different preventive measures.
  [Key words] Child;Allergic disease;Total IgE antibody;Specific IgE antibody
  近年来,儿童过敏性疾病的发生率不断上升,其发病与先天遗传因素、生活方式和环境因素密切相关。常见的过敏性疾病包括过敏性鼻炎、支气管哮喘[1-3]、特应性皮炎[4-5]、湿疹[6]、过敏性紫癜、荨麻疹等,对患儿的生长发育、学习和生活产生不良影响,也给患儿家庭带来极大的负担。地域不同过敏原的种类不同[7-9],为更好地诊断和预防过敏性疾病,过敏原分析成为十分重要的检测项目。为了解大连地区18岁以下儿童的过敏性疾病中过敏原的构成情况,本实验对185例儿童过敏原和总IgE抗体进行检测,并对检测结果按照不同年龄组进行分析。
  1 资料与方法
  1.1 一般资料
  选取2013年12月~2014年12月来本院门诊及住院的185例过敏性鼻炎、过敏性哮喘及湿疹患儿,其中男性91例,女性94例,按年龄分为1个月~3岁47例,4~6岁51例,7~12岁42例,13~18岁45例,所有患儿均无寄生虫感染性疾病。
  1.2 方法   [1] 李伟生.3-14岁儿童哮喘危险因素病例对照研究[J].中国当代医药,2011,18(35):182-183.
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  [10] 王和平,郑跃杰,刘萍,等.深圳地区2007~2011年儿童常见食物过敏原的变化[J].国际检验医学杂志,2014, 35(4):428-429.
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  [14] 戴海玲,苏屿,韩景辉,等.126例儿童过敏性疾病血清总IgE含量及特异性过敏原检测分析[J].中国实验诊断学,2011,15(3):478-481.
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  (收稿日期:2015-06-05 本文编辑:许俊琴)
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