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来曲唑联合紫杉醇卡铂治疗复发性子宫内膜癌的临床观察

来源:用户上传      作者:王学慧 柳春韬 包洪丽 佟春艳 张彩云 刘丽霞 胡冬梅 宗建国 于晶

  [摘要] 目的 評价来曲唑联合紫杉醇及卡铂治疗复发性子宫内膜癌的近期疗效及毒副作用。 方法 回顾性分析我院2013年1月~2015年12月间采用来曲唑联合紫杉醇及卡铂治疗复发子宫内膜癌的患者。在本研究中,共35例患者,按照1:1的比例对两组进行随机分组。对照组行紫杉醇和卡铂的联合化疗。每3周一次。实验组入组后立即开始长期口服来曲唑,每日2.5 mg,直到化疗结束停止。同时行上述标准的紫杉醇和卡铂联合化疗。每3周一次。观察肿瘤标记物CA125、HE4变化情况、毒性反应评分、生活质量评分等,复发时间、肿瘤无进展间期、复发率、1年、2年和3年生存率。 结果 共行化疗188个疗程,实验组的6个月、12个月、18个月、24个月、30个月及36个月生存率分别为100.00%、88.89%、77.78%、61.11%、50.00%、38.89%。对照组的6个月、12个月、18个月、24个月、30个月及36个月生存率分别为100.00%、82.35%、64.71%、47.06%、29.41%、17.65%。实验组生存时间明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组有效率高于对照组。毒性反应是基于紫杉醇的严重过敏毒性反应,其次是紫杉醇联合卡铂的骨髓抑制及少数患者的潮热、盗汗等。 结论 实验组较对照组在治疗复发子宫内膜癌时有较高的疗效,无明显增加毒副反应。其在改善患者生存质量,延长患者生存周期方面更加优越。
  [关键词] 来曲唑;紫杉醇;卡铂;复发性子宫内膜癌
  [中图分类号] R737.3          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701(2019)28-0063-05
  [Abstract] Objective To evaluate the short-term efficacy and side effects of letrozole combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin in the treatment of recurrent endometrial cancer. Methods The patients with recurrent endometrial cancer treated with letrozole combined with paclitaxel and carboplatin in our hospital from January 2013 to December 2015 were retrospectively analyzed. In this study, a total of 35 patients were randomized into two groups at a 1:1 ratio. The control group was given combination chemotherapy of paclitaxel and carboplatin, once per three weeks. The experimental group was given long-term oral letrozole immediately after enrollment, 2.5 mg daily until the end of chemotherapy, and also given the above standard combination chemotherapy of paclitaxel and carboplatin, once per three weeks. The tumor markers CA125, HE4 changes, toxicity scores, quality of life scores, recurrence time, tumor progression-free interval, recurrence rate, 1-year, 2-year, and 3-year survival rates were observed. Results A total of 188 courses of chemotherapy were performed. The survival rates of the experimental group at 6 months, 12 months, 18 months, 24 months, 30 months and 36 months were 100.00%, 88.89%, 77.78%, 61.11%, 50.00%, 38.89%, respectively.The 6-month, 12-month, 18-month, 24-month, 30-month, and 36-month survival rates of the control group were 100.00%, 82.35%, 64.71%, 47.06%, 29.41%, and 17.65%, respectively. The survival time of the experimental group was significantly higher than that of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The experimental group was more effective than the control group. Toxic reaction was based on severe allergic toxicity of paclitaxel, followed by myelosuppression of paclitaxel combined with carboplatin, and hot flashes and night sweats in a small number of patients. Conclusion The experimental group has higher effect than the control group in the treatment of recurrent endometrial cancer and has no significantly increased toxic side effects. It is superior in improving the quality of life of patients and prolonging the life cycle of patients.   子宫内膜癌可分为激素依赖型和非激素依赖型两类,大剂量孕激素治疗常是晚期及复发子宫内膜样腺癌的系统性治疗方法之一。长期服用孕激素难免出现相关的一些副作用,如肝肾功能影响、水钠潴留、血脂异常、心脏疾患等。子宫内膜样腺癌细胞与正常子宫内膜细胞相比,芳香化酶活性较高。研究发现,体内的雌激素对肿瘤具有重要的影响。Chen Danqing等[15]报道:其选用芳香化酶阳性的内膜癌细胞株进行体外培养,在培养基中加用依美司坦(类固醇类芳香化酶抑制剂),实验发现芳香化酶抑制剂对癌细胞的增殖有明显的抑制作用。在这实验中,作者还发现依美司坦对紫杉醇类化疗药有协同作用。铂耐药性患者更可能对来曲唑治疗有反应。
  手术后切除双侧卵巢及绝经后妇女体内的雌激素主要来源是芳香化酶作用下由雄激素转化而来的雌激素。芳香化酶抑制剂(AIs)通过抑制芳香化酶活性阻断雌激素合成而起抗肿瘤的作用。芳香化酶是雌激素合成的关键酶,在许多组织包括卵巢、乳腺、子宫肌层、脂肪、骨等均有表达[16]。芳香化酶抑制剂特异性地抑制芳香化酶的活性、降低雌激素水平,成为治疗多种雌激素依赖性妇科疾病的新型药物。芳香化酶是细胞色素P450超家族的成员,是定位在染色体15q21的CYP19基因产物,作为微粒体酶,它通过羟基化作用催化雄激素向雌激素转化。体内雌激素的生物合成主要通过孕酮途径或孕烯醇酮途径,二者均需要芳香化酶参与。AIs作为芳香化酶选择性抑制剂,可特异性地抑制芳香化酶的活性,降低雌激素水平。早在上个世纪70年代,Als临床应用于乳腺癌的治疗中。芳香化酶抑制剂具有效应高、副作用少、患者耐受性高等优点[17]。一个妇科肿瘤组[18]进行了一个Ⅱ期临床试验,使用瑞宁德治疗,试验对象包括晚期、复发或持续存在的内膜癌患者,一共有23例患者参与了这个实验,她们都是Ⅱ期或Ⅲ期患者。其中2例患者得到部分缓解,分别持续了13和18个月。其中l例腺鳞癌的患者得到缓解。以上缓解的患者均属于FIGO临床分期Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期的患者虽然没有得到缓解,不过他们的无病生存时间也得到了延长,分别从1个月到6个月不等。从实验看来,芳香化酶抑制剂对晚期、复发的内膜癌患者还是有一定的帮助。Nishio S等[19]对Ⅲc和Ⅳb期2例多药耐药复发内膜癌患者进行醋酸甲羟孕酮的治疗,结果获得完全缓解,提示孕激素类、他莫酚及芳香化酶抑制剂等激素治疗可应用于晚期复发性耐药性子宫内膜癌的治疗。
  我们试图通过对芳香化酶抑制剂来曲唑联合紫杉醇加卡铂与仅用紫杉醇加卡铂治疗复发性子宫内膜癌疗效的比较,结果表明,实验组平均生存时间及平均有效率明显对照组。提高了药物的療效,提示加用来曲唑与紫杉醇加卡铂有协同作用,可能恢复了患者对化疗药物的敏感性,延长了复发子宫内膜癌患者的生存时间,改善预后。来曲唑最常见的毒性反应包括潮热、肌痛、关节痛、头痛、恶心和疲劳[20]。我们的观察结果表明,虽然加用来曲唑组的潮热、盗汗症状略为明显之外,其余两组间副反应无明显差异。芳香化酶抑制剂副反应小、患者耐受性高、依从性好。
  总之,来曲唑联合紫杉醇及卡铂治疗方案,在复发子宫内膜癌的患者的治疗上,特别对于雌激素受体(ER)阳性的患者,在改善铂耐药性方面有着潜在可能的优势,与紫杉醇加卡铂有协同作用增加疗效,为临床治疗提供了一种新方法。芳香化酶抑制剂副反应小、患者耐受性高。口服方便简单、易于操作、副作用小,可长期口服,在晚期、复发的患者的治疗上有着显著优势。能够延长患者生存期,提高患者的生活质量。由于本组的病例数少,尚需要进一步大样本的临床试验及更多的研究证据来支持。
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  (收稿日期:2019-03-09)
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