您好, 访客   登录/注册
  •  > 中国论文网 > 
  • 医学论文  > 
  • 中西医辨证治疗对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者气道炎症、氧化应激反应的影响

中西医辨证治疗对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期患者气道炎症、氧化应激反应的影响

来源:用户上传      作者:朱静 徐维国

   【摘要】 目的:探討疏风解毒胶囊对慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重期(AECOPD)的作用及其相关作用机制。方法:选取2018年5-8月本院收治的AECOPD患者90例,随机分为常规治疗组和疏风解毒胶囊组,每组45例。常规治疗组给予常规治疗,疏风解毒胶囊组在常规治疗的基础上给予疏风解毒胶囊,选取同期30例来本院体检的健康者为对照组。比较各组血清中丙二醛(MDA)、一氧化氮(NO)含量及过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH)、总一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)活性;比较疏风解毒胶囊组和常规治疗组治疗前后呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)水平和肺功能水平。结果:三组MDA含量、CAT、SOD以及GSH活性比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。疏风解毒胶囊组的MDA含量明显高于对照组,CAT、SOD以及GSH活性均明显低于对照组(P<0.05);常规治疗组MDA含量显著高于疏风解毒胶囊组,CAT、SOD以及GSH活性均明显低于疏风解毒胶囊组(P<0.05)。三组NO含量和eNOS活性比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。疏风解毒胶囊组NO含量和eNOS活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);常规治疗组NO含量和eNOS活性均显著高于疏风解毒胶囊组(P<0.05)。治疗前,常规治疗组和疏风解毒胶囊组FeNO水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,常规治疗组和疏风解毒胶囊组FeNO水平均明显低于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组FEV1占预计值百分比、FEV1/FVC水平均高于治疗前,且疏风解毒胶囊组均高于常规治疗组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:疏风解毒胶囊可显著改善AECOPD引起的氧化应激反应,能有效抑制患者气道炎症和改善AECOPD患者的肺功能。
   【关键词】 慢性阻塞性肺疾病 疏风解毒胶囊 气道炎症 氧化应激反应
   Effect of Syndrome Differentiation of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Airway Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Patients with Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases/ZHU Jing, XU Weiguo. //Medical Innovation of China, 2020, 17(03): 008-012
   [Abstract] Objective: To explore the effect of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule on acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) and its mechanism. Method: A total of 90 patients with AECOPD admitted to our hospital from May to August 2018 were selected. They were randomly divided into conventional treatment group and Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group, 45 cases in each group. The conventional treatment group was given conventional treatment, the Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group was given Shufeng Jiedu Capsule on the basis of conventional treatment. 30 healthy patients who came to our hospital for physical examination during the same period were selected as the control group. The contents of malondialdehyde (MDA), nitric oxide (NO), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH) and total nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) in serum of each group were compared. The levels of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) and lung function were compared between the Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group and the conventional treatment group before and after treatment. Result: The MDA content, CAT, SOD and GSH activity in three groups were compared, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The content of MDA in the Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group was significantly higher than that in the control group, the activity of CAT, SOD and GSH were significantly lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). MDA content in the conventional treatment group was significantly higher than that in the Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group, the activity of CAT, SOD and GSH were significantly lower than those of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group (P<0.05). The NO content and eNOS activity in three groups were compared, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). NO content and eNOS activity in Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group were significantly higher than those in control group (P<0.05). NO content and eNOS activity in the conventional treatment group were significantly higher than those in the Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group (P<0.05). Before the treatment, FeNO levels in the conventional treatment group and the Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group were higher than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, FeNO levels in the conventional treatment group and the Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group were significantly lower than those before treatment, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the predicted value of FEV1% pred and the level of FEV1/FVC in both groups were higher than those before treatment, and the levels of Shufeng Jiedu Capsule group were higher than those in the conventional treatment group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: Shufeng Jiedu Capsule can significantly improve oxidative stress response caused by AECOPD, effectively inhibit airway inflammation and improve lung function in patients with AECOPD.    [Key words] Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease Shufeng Jiedu Capsule Airway inflammation Oxidative stress
   First-author’s address: Center Hospital of Mianyang, Mianyang 621000, China
   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2020.03.003
   慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)是一种以持续气流受限为特征的疾病,其气流受限多呈进行性发展,该疾病的发生与气道和肺组织对有害气体或有害颗粒的异常慢性炎症反应有关[1]。COPD病程长、患病率和死亡率逐年升高,因肺功能进行性减退,严重影响患者的劳动力和生活质量。COPD的病因可能是多种环境因素与机体自身因素长期相互作用的结果。其中COPD的急性加重(AECOPD)是导致COPD患者肺功能下降和死亡主要原因。研究发现,气道炎症反应和氧化应激反应参与了AECOPD的发生、发展过程。疏风解毒胶囊在抗氧化、抗炎作用等方面被证明是通过控制NF-κB的激活或影响组蛋白修饰[2],进而在肺上皮细胞炎症基因表达方面发挥作用的[3-4]。本研究分为对照组、常规治疗组及疏风解毒胶囊组(COPD常规治疗+疏风解毒胶囊治疗),观察疏风解毒胶囊对AECOPD患者氧化应激水平及气道炎症的影响,并对相关机制进行探讨。现报道如下。
  1 资料与方法
  1.1 一般资料 选取2018年5-8月本院收治的AECOPD患者90例。(1)纳入标准:①患者均符合中华医学会呼吸病学制定的《慢性阻塞性肺疾病诊疗指南》诊断标准;②肺功能Ⅲ级的COPD患者。(2)排除标准:①合并胸腔积液、肺栓塞、肺结核、心力衰竭、心律失常者;②对本研究所涉药物既往有过敏史者。随机分为常规治疗组(COPD常规治疗)及疏风解毒胶囊组(COPD常规治疗+疏风解毒胶囊治疗);每组45例。纳入同期30例来本院体检的健康体检者为对照组;研究对象均知情同意且签署知情同意书,该研究已经医院伦理学委员会批准。
  1.2 方法 常规治疗组与疏风解毒胶囊组均给予COPD常规治疗,包括保持低流量吸氧、保持呼吸道通畅、积极抗感染、解痉平喘、祛痰等综合治疗。疏风解毒胶囊组在上述治疗基础上给予疏风解毒胶囊(生产厂家:安徽济人药业有限公司,批准文号:国药准字Z20090047,规格:0.52 g/粒),口服,4粒/次,3次/d,连续用药7 d。
  1.3 观察指标及判定标准 (1)比较三组血清丙二醛(MDA)含量、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、过氧化物歧化酶(SOD)以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH)活性,检测均采用ELISA法;(2)比较三组血清一氧化氮(NO)含量和总一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)活性,检测均使用化学定量法;(3)比较三组呼出气一氧化氮(FeNO)变化情况;(4)比较疏风解毒胶囊组和常规治疗组治疗前后肺功能情况,包括FEV1占预计值百分比及FEV1/FVC。
  1.4 統计学处理 采用SPSS 19.0软件对所得数据进行统计分析,计量资料用(x±s)表示,组间采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采用SNK-q检验;计数资料以率(%)表示,比较采用字2检验。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
  2 结果
  2.1 三组一般资料比较 三组性别、年龄、吸烟史比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性,见表1。
  2.2 三组MDA含量、CAT、SOD以及GSH活性比较 三组MDA含量、CAT、SOD以及GSH活性比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。疏风解毒胶囊组的MDA含量明显高于对照组(t=9.278,P=0.001);疏风解毒胶囊组的CAT、SOD以及GSH活性均明显低于对照组(t=10.055、14.196、22.535,P=0.001、0.001、0.001);常规治疗组MDA含量显著高于疏风解毒胶囊组(t=25.641,P=0.001);常规治疗组的CAT、SOD以及GSH活性均明显低于疏风解毒胶囊组(t=29.012、25.188、20.102,P=0.001、0.001、0.001)。见表2。
  2.3 三组NO含量和eNOS活性比较 三组NO含量和eNOS活性比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。疏风解毒胶囊组NO含量和eNOS活性均显著高于对照组(t=12.284、18.291,P=0.001、0.001);常规治疗组NO含量和eNOS活性显著高于疏风解毒胶囊组(t=42.595、30.566,P=0.001、0.001)。见表3。
  2.4 三组FeNO变化情况比较 治疗前,常规治疗组和疏风解毒胶囊组FeNO水平均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(t=8.269、7.079,P=0.001、0.001);治疗后,常规治疗组和疏风解毒胶囊组FeNO水平均明显于低治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(t=5.343、6.752,P=0.001、0.001)。见表4。
  2.5 两组治疗前后肺功能比较 治疗前,两组FEV1占预计值百分比、FEV1/FVC水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组FEV1占预计值百分比、FEV1/FVC水平均高于治疗前,且疏风解毒胶囊组均高于常规治疗组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表5。
  3 讨论
   COPD在发病机制方面主要包括炎症机制、氧化应激机制、蛋白酶-抗蛋白酶失衡等机制。其中,氧化应激反应及气道炎症是AECOPD发生发展的重要机制,也是当今研究的热点内容。氧化应激是体内氧化与抗氧化机制平衡被打破,氧化作用大于抗氧化作用,其结果是中性粒细胞炎性浸润,导致蛋白酶分泌增加,从而产生一系列的氧化中间产物。氧化应激是烟草烟雾导致呼吸道损伤的重要因素之一,其作用机制为通过过量活性氧簇(reactive oxygen species, ROS)的累积诱导细胞发生氧化应激反应,进而导致细胞损伤和凋亡[5-7]。脂质氧化的最终产物是MDA,其表达水平越高,体内氧自由基的产生和释放水平也越高,细胞受自由基攻击的程度也就越剧烈。肺组织本身为了保护细胞防御氧化损伤,含有丰富的抗氧化系统。SOD作为细胞内主要的自由基清除剂和抗氧化酶,可有效对抗氧自由基对机体的损害,SOD水平越高,内源性氧自由基清除系统功能就越强[8-10]。CAT作为一种酶类清除剂,存在于细胞的过氧化物体内,是过氧化物酶体的标志酶。CAT可将H2O2分解为分子氧和水,通过这样的方式清除掉体内的H2O2,从而使细胞免于遭受H2O2的毒害,是生物防御体系的关键酶之一。GSH可催化H2O2分解,是机体内的一种重要的抗氧化酶,其水平越高,那么机体清除氧自由基的能力就越强[11]。    疏风解毒胶囊原名“祛毒散”,主要由甘草、连翘、败酱草、虎杖、隔山消、马鞭草六味药物组成,用于治疗扁桃体炎、伤风、腮腺炎、白喉等病。现代药理学研究表明疏风解毒胶囊具有控制炎症、抗病毒及抗细菌等功能作用,还具有免疫调节功能,具备治疗COPD的理论基础[12-13]。文献[14-16]
  发现疏风解毒胶囊降低对肺、心脏和肝脏的损伤是通过抑制肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素-1β(IL-1β)等细胞因子的表达来实现的,对INF-γ具有双向表达作用。吕伟伟等[17]发现通过抑制MAPK/NF-κB Signaling通路,下调NF-κB mRNA的表达,最终抑制LPS诱导的炎症反应,减轻LPS诱导的肺损伤反应。从本试验中可以看到,AECOPD患者MDA含量明显提高,而SOD、CAT和GSH活性明显受到抑制,经过疏风解毒治疗
  1周,发现其可显著逆转COPD引起的氧化应激反应。另外,过氧亚硝酸盐可介导肺组织损伤,而超氧化物和NO反应可生成过氧亚硝酸盐,在受损的血管内eNOS的含量往往是增加的,作为调控血管功能的关键因子,可产生收缩血管的超氧化物以及NO,因此被视为氧化应激反应的标志物之一[18]。从本试验结果中可以看出,疏风解毒胶囊组NO含量和eNOS活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);常规治疗组NO含量和eNOS活性均显著高于疏风解毒胶囊组(P<0.05)。说明疏风解毒胶囊能显著抑制NO含量以及eNOS活性,急性加重期患者是可以获益的。
   现阶段,肺功能检查仍是诊断COPD的金标准,在吸入支气管扩张剂后,第1秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量(FEV1/FVC)<0.70表示存在持续气流受限。呼出气NO是检測气道炎症主要手段之一[19]。FeNO检测是一项具有快速、精确、无创、简便、安全且能有效量化气道炎症的检测手段,最早是Gustafsson等[20]通过化学发光法发现的,目前已广泛用于支气管哮喘和AECOPD期的辅助诊断。本研究显示疏风解毒治疗组较常规治疗组能有效改善COPD患者的肺功能(P<0.05);治疗后,两组FeNO均较治疗前明显降低,且疏风解毒胶囊组低于常规治疗组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。证实了疏风解毒胶囊能有效抑制患者气道炎症。
   本研究证实疏风解毒胶囊可显著改善AECOPD引起的氧化应激反应,能有效抑制患者气道炎症和改善AECOPD患者的肺功能情况。通过逐步完善的药理学及分子学研究,为疏风解毒胶囊临床应用提供了可靠依据,也为中医辨证将疏风解毒胶囊用于呼吸系统等疾病提供了理论支持。
  参考文献
  [1]葛均波,徐永健.内科学[M].8版.北京:人民卫生出版社,2013:16-18.
  [2] Rahman I,Adcock I M.Oxidative stress and redox regulation of lung inflammation in COPD[J].Eur Respir J,2006,28(1):219-242.
  [3] Lehtonen S T,Ohlmeier S,Kaarteenaho-Wiik R,et al.Does the oxidative stress in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease cause thioredoxin/peroxiredoxin oxidation?[J].Antioxid Redox Signal,2008,10(4):813-819.
  [4] Wood Z A,Schr?der E,Robin Harris J,et al.Structure, mechanism and regulation of peroxiredoxins[J].Trends Biochem Sci,2003,28(1):32-40.
  [5] Avila P C,Kropotov A V,Krutilina R,et al.Peroxiredoxin V contributes to antioxidant defense of lung epithelial cells[J].Lung,2008,186(2):103-114.
  [6] Lehtonen S T,Markkanen P M,Peltoniemi M,et al.Variable overoxidation of peroxiredoxins in human lung cells in severe oxidative stress[J].Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol,2005,288(5):997-1001.
  [7] Kim H S,Kang S W,Rhee S G,et al.Rat lung peroxiredoxins Ⅰ and Ⅱ are differentially regulated during development and by hyperoxia[J].Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol,2001,280(6):1212-1217.
  [8] Kim H S,Manevich Y,Feinstein S I,et al.Induction of 1-cys peroxiredoxin expression by oxidative stress in lung epithelial cells[J].Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol,2003,285(2):363-369.
  [9] Serikov V B,Leutenegger C,Krutilina R,et al.Cigarette smoke extract inhibits expression of peroxiredoxin V and increases airway epithelial permeability[J].Inhal Toxicol,2006,18(1):79-92.   [10] Yao H,Edirisinghe I,Rajendrasozhan S,et al.Cigarette smoke-mediated inflammatory and oxidative responses are strain-dependent in mice[J].Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol,2008,294(6):1174-1186.
  [11] Jones F S,Meech R,Edelman D B,et al.Prx1 controls vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and tenascin-C expression and is upregulated with Prx2 in pulmonary vascular disease[J].Circ Res,2001,89(2):131-138.
  [12] Kode A,Rajendrasozhan S,Caito S,et al.Resveratrol induces glutathione synthesis by activation of Nrf2 and protects against cigarette smoke-mediated oxidative stress in human lung epithelial cells[J].Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol,2008,294(3):L478-488.
  [13] Wang Y,Feinstein S I,Manevich Y,et al.Peroxiredoxin 6 gene-targeted mice show increased lung injury with paraquat-induced oxidative stress[J].Antioxid Redox Signal,2006,8(1-2):229-237.
  [14]薛明明,高静琰,陈东旭,等.疏风解毒胶囊对D-氨基半乳糖/脂多糖诱导大鼠急性肝损伤保护作用[J].中草药,2015,46(9):1348-1353.
  [15]张亚平,陶振刚,宋振举,等.疏风解毒胶囊对小鼠病毒性心肌炎模型的影响[J].中草药,2016,47(1):110-113.
  [16] Wang Y,Feinstein S I,Fisher A B.Peroxiredoxin 6 as an antioxidant enzyme: protection of lung alveolar epithelial type II cells from H2O2-induced oxidative stress[J].J Cell Biochem,2008,104(4):1274-1285.
  [17]吕伟伟,朱童娜,邱欢,等.疏风解毒胶囊抗病毒及抗菌的体外药效学实验研究[J].中药新药与临床药理,2013,24(3):234-238.
  [18] Tao Z,Gao J,Zhang G,et al.Shufeng Jiedu Capsule protect against acute lung injury by suppressing the MAPK/NF-κB pathway[J].Biosci Trends,2014,8(1):45-51.
  [19]文富強.慢性阻塞性肺疾病炎症反应的复杂性及治疗新选择[J].中华结核和呼吸杂志,2012,35(4):246-248.
  [20] Gustafsson L E,Leone A M,Persson M G,et al.Endogenous nitric oxide is present in the exhaled air of rabbits, guinea pigs and humans[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,1991,181(2):852-857.
  (收稿日期:2019-06-28) (本文编辑:姬思雨)
转载注明来源:https://www.xzbu.com/6/view-15187205.htm