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血清肿瘤标志物联合检测对胃癌的诊断价值

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  [摘要]目的 應用受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线评价几种血清肿瘤标志物联合检测对胃癌患者的诊断价值。方法 选取2016年1月~2017年12月我院收治的57例胃癌患者(A组)、50例胃良性病变患者(B组)、50例胃黏膜正常健康体检者(C组)作为研究对象,采用电化学发光法检测三组研究对象的血清癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原72-4(CA72-4)、糖类抗原50(CA50)、糖类抗原19-9(CA19-9)、糖类抗原242(CA242)水平并进行ROC分析。结果 A组的血清CEA、CA72-4、CA50、CA19-9、CA242表达水平均高于B组与C组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);随着胃癌分期的进展,胃癌患者血清中CEA、CA72-4、CA50、CA19-9、CA242的阳性检出率呈增长趋势。肿瘤标志物单独检测时,CA19-9的AUC最大,为0.777,CA72-4的检测敏感度最高,为77.7%;肿瘤标志物联合检测的诊断准确性提高,尤其是CA50、CA72-4、CA19-9和CA242联合检测时,AUC为0.925,敏感度提高至78.7%。结论 CA50、CA72-4、CA19-9和CA242联合检测能够有效提高胃癌患者诊断的准确性、敏感度,具有重要的临床诊断和应用价值。
  [关键词]肿瘤标志物;联合检测;胃癌;受试者工作特征曲线
  [中图分类号] R446          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1674-4721(2020)7(c)-0004-04
  Diagnostic value of combined detection of serum tumor markers for gastric cancer
  SUN Hui1   ZHU Li-jing1   WANG Zheng-qian2▲
  1. Department of Clinical Laboratory, Lianshui People′s Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, Lianshui   223400, China; 2. MRI Room, Lianshui People′s Hospital Affiliated to Kangda College of Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu Province, Lianshui   223400, China
  [Abstract] Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of several serum tumor markers in patients with gastric cancer by using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Methods A total of 57 patients with gastric cancer (group A), 50 patients with benign gastric lesions (group B) and 50 healthy patients with normal gastric mucosa (group C) from January 2016 to December 2017 in our hospital were selected as the research objects. Expression levels of carcino embryonic antigen (CEA), carbohydrate antigen 72-4 (CA72-4), carbohydrate antigen 50 (CA50), carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) and carbohydrate antigen 242 (CA242) in serum for the three groups were detected by electrochemiluminescence. ROC curve was carried for analysis. Results The expression levels of CEA, CA72-4, CA50, CA19-9 and CA242 in group A patients were higher than those in group B and group C, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). With the progress of gastric cancer staging, the positive detection rate of CEA, CA72-4, CA50, CA19-9 and CA242 in the serum of gastric cancer patients showed an increasing trend. When the tumor markers were detected individually, the AUC of CA19-9 was 0.777, and the sensitivity of CA72-4 was the highest, which was up to 77.7%. The diagnostic accuracy of combined detection of tumor markers was improved. The AUC of the combined detection of CA50, CA72-4, CA19-9 and CA242 was 0.925, and the sensitivity increased to 78.7%. Conclusion The combined detection of CA50, CA72-4, CA19-9 and CA242 can effectively improve the accuracy and sensitivity of diagnosis of gastric cancer patients, and has important clinical diagnosis and application value.   常见的胃癌肿瘤标志物有CEA、CA72-4、CA50、CA19-9、CA242等[1,9]。CEA是一种含糖蛋白质,属于广谱肿瘤标志物,临床广泛用于消化系统肿瘤的诊断、疗效观察等,但其检测敏感度不高。研究表明,血清CEA诊断胃癌的敏感度为26.58%,特异性为93.33%,CEA常与其他肿瘤标志物联合检测,以提高诊断敏感度[1,9]。CA72-4是一种较新的诊断胃癌较理想的肿瘤标志物,属于高分子糖蛋白,对早期胃癌诊断具有较高的敏感度、特异性,对消化系统恶性肿瘤有很好应用价值[13]。CA50是一种以唾液酸脂和唾液酸糖蛋白为主的糖蛋白,属于非特异性的广谱肿瘤标志物,主要用于辅助诊断胰腺癌、结肠癌、直肠癌、胃癌等。血清CA50检测胃癌的敏感度为25.7%~70.3%,可作为胃癌诊断和预后的参考指标。CA19-9是糖抗原的一种,是腺癌特异的肿瘤标志物,其在胃癌、结直肠癌、胰腺和肝胆等消化系统肿瘤中均有表达,是消化系统肿瘤的重要标志物[14]。CA242属唾液酸化鞘脂类抗原,胃癌、胰腺癌、结肠癌患者血清水平常增高。本研究结果显示,胃癌患者5种肿瘤标志物(CEA、CA72-4、CA50、CA19-9和CA242)水平均高于良性病变患者或健康人群(P<0.05),且随着胃癌分期不断进展,患者血清中肿瘤标志物的表达水平也显著升高,提示这5种肿瘤标志物对于胃癌与胃良性病变患者以及健康人群具有良好的鉴别诊断价值。
  ROC曲线是临床全面、准确评价诊断实验敏感度的有效方法。AUC<0.5时无诊断价值,0.5~0.7时准确性较低,>0.7~0.9时准确性较高,>0.9时准确性最高[15]。本研究的ROC曲线分析结果显示,CEA、CA72-4、CA50、CA19-9和CA242单独检测时,AUC值分别为0.710、0.730、0.680、0.777和0.714。单独检测时,CA72-4的敏感度最高,为77.7%,与文献[2]报道一致。联合检测的诊断准确性均提高,尤其是CA50、CA72-4、CA19-9和CA242联合检测时,AUC为0.925,敏感度提高至78.7%,血清肿瘤标志物联合检测用于辅助诊断胃癌敏感度优于单项检测。当然上述肿瘤标志物联合检测也未完全达到100%的敏感度和特异性,而目前国内外的研究中尚未发现敏感度和特异性均达100%的肿瘤标志物。
  综上所述,采用CA50、CA72-4、CA19-9和CA242联合检测能够有效提高胃癌患者诊断的敏感度,比单项检测具有更高的诊断准确性,可作为胃癌患者早期辅助诊断指标,对临床胃癌诊断、治疗具有重要的应用价值。
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  (收稿日期:2020-02-11)
  [基金项目]江苏省淮安市自然科学研究计划项目(HAB201 847)
  [作者简介]孙会(1979-),女,本科,副主任技师,研究方向:临床检验学、免疫检验学
  ▲通讯作者:王正前(1975-),副主任医师,研究方向:肿瘤影像学
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