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基于多维度聚类算法的重庆住宅空调使用特征分析

来源:用户上传      作者:薛凯 刘猛 晏璐 何昱洁

  摘 要:长江流域夏季炎热、冬季阴冷,全年高湿,室内热环境恶劣,多样化的空调使用习惯对住宅供暖空调能耗有重要影响。大数据技术发展为更大样本、更高精度、更多维度的空调行为监测提供了基础,弥补了现有研究方法误差大和分类指标单一的不足。选取重庆市作为长江流域典型城市的代表,随机抽取2 000台住宅房间空调器样本,从空调使用时长、温度需求及能耗角度,构建空调运行的5个特征参数,采用多维度聚类算法识别出重庆地区空调使用习惯的典型类别,通过深入分析不同使用习惯类别的特征差异,总结出三类典型群体。
  关键词:聚类算法;数据挖掘;使用习惯;房间空调器
  中图分类号:TU831.2 文献标志码:A 文章编号:2096-6717(2022)04-0167-09
  Characteristics of occupants’ behavior in Chongqing residential air-conditioning based on multi-dimensional clustering algorithm
  XUE Kai, LIU Meng, YAN Lu, HE Yujie
  (School of Civil Engineering; National Centre for International Research of Low-Carbon and Green Building; Joint International Research Laboratory of Green Building and Built Environment; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Wind Engineering and Wind Energy Utilization, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400045, P. R. China)
  Abstract: With a hot summer, cold winter and high humidity climate, residential energy consumption in the Yangtze River Basin is strongly affected by diverse air-conditioning behaviors in such a harsh indoor thermal environment. The development of big data technology provides a basis for larger samples, higher accuracy, and more dimensions of air-conditioning behavior monitoring, which can make up for the current situation of large errors in existing research methods and single classification indicators. By selecting 2 000 samples of residential room air conditioners (RACs) in Chongqing as the representative city: First, five characteristic parameters of air-conditioning operation are constructed from the perspective of air-conditioning using period, temperature demand and energy consumption; Then, a multi-dimensional clustering algorithm was used to identify the typical categories of air-conditioning behavior;Finally,through in-depth analysis of the characteristic differences among the clustering results, three typical air-conditioning behavior groups are summarized for residential buildings in Chongqing.
  Keywords:cluster algorithm; data mining; occupants’ behavior; room air-conditioner (RACs)
  L江流域地区占中国国土面积的25%,人口占55%,GDP占近45%,是一个人口密集,经济、产业高度发达的地区。该地区夏季炎热、冬季阴冷,全年高湿,室内热环境恶劣。近年来,多数家庭将房间空调器作为改善室内热环境的重要措施,根据国家统计局数据,目前中国住宅房间空调器拥有量达3.6亿台[1],其中重庆地区已接近户均2台。龙惟定等[2]指出,随着每年34亿m2的城镇住宅面积的增长,维持住宅建筑环境的空调能耗仍会有明显上升,因此,控制房间空调器电耗是减少建筑间接碳排放的主要措施,对尽快实现“双碳”目标也有积极意义。近年来的研究表明,住宅空调使用模式是影响供暖空调能耗的主要因素[3-4];中国经济发展水平不均衡,住户的年龄、家庭条件等有很大差异,造成居民在空调使用习惯上有很大不同。多样化的居民使用习惯直接影响空调的运行功率与运行时长,进而影响房间空调器能耗。为总结出不同使用习惯的典型、剖析使用习惯之间的关系,对空调用户使用习惯的分类研究势在必行。

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