深绿木霉T1和哈茨木霉T21抑菌活性及对番茄幼苗促生效果研究

来源:用户上传      作者:梁松 王建霞 魏甜甜 张静蕾 胡春艳 姚艳平

　　摘 要：樘骄可盥棠久梗Trichoderma atroviride）T1和哈茨木霉（Trichoderma harzianum）T21对7种植物病原真菌的抑菌活性及对番茄幼苗的促生效果，利用平板对峙法、平板对扣法、固体稀释法和凹玻片法研究其抑菌活性，并通过灌根法研究木霉菌对番茄幼苗的促生效果，平板对峙试验结果表明：2株木霉对7种病原菌均具有抑菌活性，其中深绿木霉T1的抑菌率为31.81%～86.16%，哈茨木霉T21的抑菌率为80.53%～91.82%;深绿木霉T1挥发性代谢产物对7种病原菌均具有抑菌活性，抑菌率为39.78%～76.78%，而哈茨木霉T21的挥发性代谢产物对7种病原菌均无抑菌活性。固体稀释法结果表明：2株木霉的无菌发酵液对7种病原菌均具有抑菌活性，其中深绿木霉T1的抑菌率为59.22%～75.22%，哈茨木霉T21的抑菌率为49.89%～79.21%。凹玻片法结果表明：2株木霉菌对病原菌孢子萌发均有抑制活性，其中深绿木霉T1无菌发酵液对病原菌孢子萌发抑制率达到44.66%～76.69%，哈茨木霉T21无菌发酵液对病原菌孢子萌发抑制率达到49.87%～100%。经2株木霉孢子悬浮液灌根处理番茄幼苗后，各指标均优于对照处理，其中哈茨木霉T21在株高、根长、茎粗、植株鲜质量、植株干质量、根系活力和叶片SPAD值方面对番茄幼苗的促生效果均显著优于对照处理，深绿木霉T1在株高、根长、茎粗、植株鲜质量和叶片SPAD值方面均显著高于对照处理。综上，深绿木霉T1和哈茨木霉T21对7种病原菌均具有抑制能力且能够促进番茄幼苗生长，具有较好的开发潜力。
　　关键词：深绿木霉;哈茨木霉;番茄幼苗;抑菌活性;促生效果
　　中图分类号：S436.412.1+9 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2022.06.016
　　Study on the Effects of Trichoderma atroviride T1 and Trichoderma harzianum T21 on Antifungal Activity and Growth Promoting Effects of Tomato Seedlings
　　LIANG Song1， WANG Jianxia2， WEI Tiantian1， ZHANG Jinglei1， HU Chunyan1， YAO Yanping1
　　（1. College of Plant Protection， Shanxi Agricultural University， Taigu， Shanxi 030801， China; 2. College of Horiculture， Shanxi Agricultural University， Taigu， Shanxi 030801， China）
　　Abstract： The purpose of this paper was to investigate the antifungal activity of Trichoderma atroviride T1 and Trichoderma harzianum T21 on seven pathogenic fungi and their growth-promoting effect on tomato seedlings. In this paper， the antifungal activity was studied by plate confrontation method， plate buckle method， solid dilution method and concave glass slide method， and the growth-promoting effect of Trichoderma on tomato seedlings was studied by root irrigation method. The results of the plate confrontation test showed that two Trichoderma strains had antifungal activity on seven pathogenic fungi， among them， the antifungal activity of Trichoderma atroviride T1 was 31.81%-86.16%， and the antifungal activity of Trichoderma harzianum T21 was 80.53%-91.82%. The volatile metabolites of Trichoderma atroviride T1 had antifungal activity on seven pathogenic fungi， with the antifungal activity of 39.78% to 76.78%，while the volatile metabolites of Trichoderma harzianum T21 had no antifungal activity on pathogens. The results of the solid dilution method showed that the aseptic fermentation broths of Trichoderma atroviride T1 and Trichoderma harzianum T21 had antifungal activity against pathogenic fungi， among them， the antifungal activity of Trichoderma atroviride T1 was 59.22%-75.22%， and the antifungal activity of Trichoderma harzianum T21 was 49.89%-79.21%. The results of the concave glass slide method showed that the two Trichoderma strains had inhibitory effects on the spore germination of pathogenic fungi， among them， the antifungal activity of Trichoderma atroviride T1 was 44.66%-76.69%， and the antifungal activity of Trichoderma harzianum T21 was 49.87%-100%. After the tomato seedlings were irrigated with the spore suspension of two Trichoderma spores， each index was better than the control treatment. Among them， Trichoderma harzianum T21 was significantly better than the control treatment in terms of plant height， root length， stem diameter， plant fresh weight， plant dry weight， root vigor and leaf SPAD value. The plant height， root length， stem diameter， plant fresh weight and leaf SPAD value of Trichoderma atroviride T1 were significantly higher than those of the control treatment. In conclusion， Trichoderma atroviride T1 and Trichoderma harzianum T21 have inhibitory ability to 7 kinds of pathogenic fungi and can promote plant growth， and have good development potential.

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