楚雄高端烟叶产区植烟土壤养分特征分析

来源:用户上传      作者:耿少武 汪应华 肖毅为 吴佳 王永平 胡小东

　　摘 要：樘矫鞒雄高端烟叶产区植烟土壤养分丰缺情况，于2018年系统采集楚雄“2260”工程涉及烟区的植烟土壤样品并测定其养分主要指标和分析评价其含量水平。结果表明：楚雄烟区“2260”工程区域植烟土壤pH值、有机质、有效磷、水解性氮、全氮和水溶性氯等指标平均含量均处于最适宜或者较好水平，整体适宜于优质烟叶生产;土壤质量指标的空间分布方面：酸碱失衡土壤主要分布在妥甸镇、大庄镇和子午镇，其中酸性土壤比例为19.51%～26.09%，碱性土壤比例为17.14%～31.71%;土壤有机质、水解性氮和全氮含量偏高地区主要分布在共和镇和子午镇，其中有机质丰富比例达13.04%～26.67%，水解性氮丰富比例达23.91%～36.67%，全氮丰富比例达36.96%～58.33%;土壤水溶性氯不适宜地区主要分布在共和镇，比例达30%;针对局部土壤障碍现象，宜采取调整种植制度、优化施肥方式和调和土壤酸碱度等土壤保育措施。 综上，楚雄烟区“2260”工程覆盖区域植烟土壤养分含量较为适宜，局部烟区宜采取相应土壤保育措施。
　　关键词：植烟土壤;有机质;全氮
　　中图分类号：S216.4 文献标识码：A DOI 编码：10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2022.06.015
　　Characteristics of Soil Nutrients in High-level Tobacco Growing Area of Chuxiong
　　GENG Shaowu， WANG Yinghua， XIAO Yiwei， WU Jia， WANG Yongping， HU Xiaodong
　　（Chuxiong Branch， Yunnan Tobacco Company， Chuxiong， Yunnan 675000， China）
　　Abstract： In order to identify the distribution characteristics of nutrient elements in the soil of the high-level tobacco growing area （the area of "2260" project） of Chuxiong， the determination and content analysis of soil nutrient indexes was conducted in 2018 in the area. The results showed that the average contents of soil pH， electrical conductivity， organic matter， hydrolysable nitrogen， available phosphorus， available potassium， water-soluble chlorine and total nitrogen in the area of "2260" project were at the suitable level， which was benefit for tobacco production on the whole. In terms of the spatial distribution of soil nutrient index， the acid-base imbalance soil was mainly located in the town of Twodian， Dazhuang and Ziwu， in which the proportion of the acid soil and the alkaline soil was 19.51%-26.09% and 17.14%-31.71%， respectively. The high organic matter soil， high hydrolysable nitrogen soil and high total nitrogen soil was mainly located in the town of Gonghe and Ziwu， in which the proportion of the high organic matter soil， high hydrolysable nitrogen soil and high total nitrogen soil was 13.04%-26.67%， 23.91%-36.67% and 36.96%-58.33%， respectively. The high water-soluble chlorine soil was mainly located in the town of Gonghe with the proportion measured 30%. In view of the particular soil problems， the optimization of cropping system and fertilization method， as well as the regulation of soil pH were advocated. In conclusion，the contents of the soil nutrients in the area of "2260" project of Chuxiong were at the suitable level on the whole， and the relevant soil conservation measures was still needed to solve the particular soil problems in a few areas.

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