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武汉城市绿地土壤肥力质量评价

来源:用户上传      作者:康凯丽 涂继红 余劲夫 王朴

  摘 要:为探讨武汉城市绿地土壤肥力质量,采集了武汉市公园绿地、附属绿地、道路绿地及区域绿地4种绿地类型,186份土壤样本,测定了土壤pH、电导率(EC)、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾等6项肥力指标,参照全国第二次土壤普查分级标准和绿化种植土壤标准,利用内梅罗指数法4种绿地类型的土壤肥力质量进行综合评价。结果表明:武汉市绿地土壤pH值在5.05~10.89之间,EC值在0.01~2.04 mS・cm-1之间,有机质平均含量为23.04 g・kg-1,碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾平均含量 分别为60.13,16.41 mg・kg-1;126.76 mg・kg-1;有机质和有效养分含量属中等或偏上水平;不同类型绿地肥力综合评价指数在0.66~2.06,排序为区域绿地>附属绿地>公园绿地>道路绿地,区域绿地、附属绿地土壤肥力评级为良,公园绿地评级为一般,道路绿地评级为差。综上,改善绿地土壤pH值及提升有机质含量仍是武汉市绿地土壤肥力质量提升的重要措施。
  关键词:土壤肥力;绿地类型;内梅罗指数法
  中图分类号:S153.6 文献标识码:A DOI 编码:10.3969/j.issn.1006-6500.2022.06.014
  Soil Quality Evaluation on Urban Green Land in Wuhan
  KANG Kaili, TU Jihong, YU Jingfu, WANG Pu
  (Wuhan Institute of Landscape Architecture, Hubei, Wuhan 430081, China)
  Abstract: In order to explore the soil fertility quality of urban green land in Wuhan, a total of 186 soil samples were collected from regional green land, affiliated green land, park green land and road green land in Wuhan, and six soil fertility indexes were measured. The soil fertility quality was evaluated by nemero index method referring to grading standard of the second national soil census and the planting soil standard. The results showed that the pH value of green soil in Wuhan ranged from 5.05 to 10.89, and the EC value was between 0.01 mS・cm-1 and 2.04 mS・cm-1. The average organic matter content of green soil was 23.04 g・kg-1, and the average contents of hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were 60.13 mg・kg-1, 16.41 mg・kg-1 and 126.76 mg・kg-1, respectively. The contents of organic matter and available nutrients were medium or above. The comprehensive evaluation index of different types of green land fertility ranged from 0.66 to 2.06, and the order was regional green land > affiliated green land > park green land > road green land. The soil fertility rating of regional green land and affiliated green land was good, park green land was average, and road green land was poor.In conclusion, improving the pH value and increasing the organic matter content of the green land are still important measures to improve the soil fertility and quality of the urban green land in Wuhan.
  Key words: soil fertility; types of green land; nemero index method
  城市G地土壤是城市绿化的基础,是城市生态系统的重要组成部分,作为植物生长的介质,其质量直接影响着植物长势、景观功能及生态效益的发挥[1-2]。土壤肥力质量是土壤质量的表现形式之一,是土壤为植物生长供应及协调养分、水分、空气和热量的能力,是土壤物理、化学和生物学性质的综合反应[3-4],其中土壤有机质、氮磷钾及其有效态、pH等是土壤肥力的重要表现形式,直接影响植被生产力[5]。在城市化过程中,由于人为活动的强烈干扰,城市绿地土壤的性质发生了显著变化,因此有必要对城市绿地土壤进行肥力评价。土壤肥力综合评价的方法主要有综合肥力指数法、内梅罗指数法、主成分分析-聚类分析结合法等[6]。内梅罗指数法多用于土壤污染、水体质量的评价,亦可用于农田、草地、城市绿地等进行土壤肥力质量综合评价[7-8]。伍海兵等[9]构建了城市绿地土壤肥力质量综合评价方法,采用隶属度函数和修正内梅罗指数方法对上海绿地土壤肥力质量进行综合评价,表明该方法与土壤的真实肥力水平、植物生长表现一致。目前国内对城市绿地土壤肥力的研究主要集中在上海、北京、杭州等城市[10-12],武汉市尚未开展绿地土壤质量评价的相关研究,因此本研究基于土壤肥力特征,对武汉市绿地土壤质量评价方法进行初步探讨,以期掌握武汉市绿地土壤肥力现状及不同绿地类型土壤肥力差异,为武汉市园林基础设施建设与管理提供依据。

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