新球时代女子乒乓球技战术诊断指标体系的实证性比较研究

来源:用户上传      作者:徐君伟，于洋，黄慧阳，钱孟慧，张淳尧

　　摘要：楦准确把握新塑料乒乓球实施后女子比赛技战术表现的主导性特征和规律，更高效地发挥技战术诊断在助力中国女队备战世界大赛、提升训练、参赛的科学化水平中的作用，运用文献资料、专家访谈、比赛观察等方法，对近30余年来前人所建构的颇具代表性的分段式诊断指标体系进行实证性比较研究。观察数据来源于奥运会、世乒赛、世界杯等3项赛事的决赛、半决赛和四分之一赛共146场比赛样本。研究结果表明：（1）新球时代，各分段式诊断指标体系均有一定的合理性，但比较而言，新三段式诊断指标体系最优，最准确地揭示了女子乒乓球技战术表现的基本特征和规律，是新球时代最具代表性、科学性和引领性的诊断指标体系。（2）新三段式诊断指标体系的发抢段包含第1、3、5板，接抢段包含第2、4板，相持段包含第5板之后各板。其中，发抢段和相持段近乎并列地对比赛制胜发挥着第一位的作用，接抢段发挥着第三位的作用。（3）第5板的段落归属不仅对各段尤其是发抢段和相持段对比赛制胜的影响至关重要，而且对新三段式诊断指标体系的科学性也有着重要影响。（4）得分率比使用率能更好地体现和评价运动员各段的比赛能力，具有更好的评价效能。
　　关键词：女子;乒乓球;技战术;诊断指标体系;段落
　　中图分类号：G846文献标识码：A文章编号：1006-2076（2021）06-0077-09
　　Empirical comparison research on diagnostic index system of women's table
　　tennis in new ball era
　　XU Junwei1，YU Yang2，HUANG Huiyang1，QIAN Menghui1，ZHANG Chunyao1
　　Dept. of Sports， Henan University of Economics and Law， Zhengzhou 450046， Henan， China
　　Abstract：In order to grasp more accurately tennis women's dominant characteristics and law of competition technique and tactics performance in new ball era， and more effectively play the role of technical and tactical diagnosis in helping Chinese women's table tennis team in preparation for the major games， promote the scientific training and competition level， by methods of literature， expert interviews， competition observation， the article made an empirical comparative study on the representative segmented diagnostic index system constructed by predecessors in recent 30 years. The observation data were obtained from the samples of 146 matches in the finals， semi-finals and quarter-finals of three events including the Olympic Games， the world table tennis championships and the World Cup. The results show that：（1） In the new ball era， each diagnostic index system has a certain degree of rationality， but in comparison， the three diagnostic index system is the most optimal and the most accurate to reveal the basic characteristics and laws of the performance of table tennis technique and tactics. It is the most representative， scientific and leading diagnostic index system. （2） The attacking after serve of the new three-stage diagnostic index system contains the 1st， 3rd and 5th strokes; stalemate segment contains the 5th and the following strokes. Among them， the attacking after serve， stalemate segment play the role of the first place in winning the competition， and grab segment plays the third role. （3） The paragraph attribution of the 5th stroke is not only major for the influence of each stage on the winning of the competition， but also has a significant impact on the scientificity of the new three-stage diagnostic index system. （4） The scoring rate can be better to reflect and evaluate the competition ability of athletes in each section than the usage rate， and has better efficiency of evaluation.

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