科幻小说是一个窗口

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　　Science Fiction Is a Window——Abstract of Liu Cixin'sInterview im Germany
　　劉慈欣因其广获赞誉科幻小说而为人所知，但他本人比较低调。较少在公众面前出现的他，于去年10月13日，首次亮相于海外书展的刘慈欣携科幻小说《三体》系列第二部《黑暗森林》德文版与读者见面，并与德国演员Mark Bremer分别用中文和德文朗读了书中的片段，在社交媒体上收获了德国书迷的热烈反响。
　　德国书迷乔纳森说：“朋友推荐我看的《三体》和我以前读过的科幻小说很不一样，我非常喜欢。除了科幻情节之外，还可以深入了解中国的思维方式和历史，包括中国人对西方文化的看法，这很有趣。小说远远超出了纯粹的科幻故事。”
　　德国汉学家、文学翻译阿克曼表示：“大多数中国作家在德国甚至整个西方并不为人所熟知，但刘慈欣先生非常有名，不仅在英语世界，在德国也是大家认可的非常重要的科幻小说家。他的科幻小说引起了不同文化背景下人们的共鸣。”在被问到是否想到《三体》会在西方引起轰动时，刘慈欣坦承，当初把《三体》翻译成英文，只是想让英语世界知道中国也有科幻小说，因为以前在国外交流时总被问到中国也有科幻小说吗，对于今天的市场反响，他表示“的确出乎预料”。
　　对于这场由孔子学院总部与法兰克福书展、德国兰登书屋旗下Heyne出版社共同策划的“刘慈欣科幻文学德国之旅”，许多读者已经从媒体渠道了解，但仍表示希望了解他与阿克曼和《法兰克福汇报》记者达特对谈的内容。为此，特整理精彩话语摘要如下：
　　科学本身在西方和在中国很不一样。在西方，已经经过了科学发展的阶段，它已经到了一个可以看到很多方面的阶段，而在中国它的工业化进程才刚刚开始。在这种情况下，科学在中国可能具有更多的话语权。科学的发展创造的负面效应，在中国所产生的危险可能比西方更大。因为在中国，不论在大众中还是在政府中，科学始终有着很高的话语权，这个话语权足够使整个社会忽视其负面效应。但是从中国目前的发展状况来看，发展科学是唯一的选择。这个状况也或多或少地反映在我的科幻小说里，因为目前的西方小说里描写的科学有很多的负面形象，而由这些负面形象产生的未来也是十分昏暗的。我的科幻小说中，科学未来是存在的，它有危险的一面，昏暗的一面，也有光明的一面，这可能是我的科幻小说和西方的科幻小说的一个区别。
　　我觉得理智地对待科学发展的唯一选择就是我们应该勇敢地去面对负面效应，并且去克服它，回避并不是一个特别明智的态度。
　　科幻小说和以前的理解不同，它不是预测未来而是排列未来，把未来的每一种可能性都排列出来。 《黑暗森林》排列的恰恰是最坏的可能性。
　　我的短篇小说的框架和场景都很大，每一个短篇小说都相当于是长篇小说的梗概，但是这些东西都没能写成长篇小说，确实是作为一个作家感到十分遗憾的事情。我也曾不止一次地想过，假如我的三十多篇短篇小说都变成长篇小说，会是什么样子呢？
　　我认为对待未来要抱着一种理性，所谓理性就是说我们相信人类可能会有一个美好的未来，但是也要时刻警醒自己的选择，如果做出了错误的选择，未来可能会是科幻小说中的黑暗的世界，关键就是一句话，未来取决于我们现在。
　　政治家、经济学家或其他领域的人士，他们能看到的距离并不是因为他们本人缺乏远见，而是因为他受到的制约比我们多得多。他们不得不把自己的注意力放在一般来说不超过半个世纪，否则的话很难实现自身的行为。但科幻小说不受现实的制约，这也是它作为文学体裁的优势。
　　科幻小说是一个窗口，让我们能够看到超出生活之外的时间和空间。科学家看得是很远的，他比科幻小说看得都远，实际上科幻小说能看到的最大距离也不会超过科学的距离。比如：宇宙末日，我们不可能超过宇宙末日看得更远，但是科学家是看得很远的。
　　科幻小说本身就是一种超越人类自身所在时空的一个文学体裁，既超越空间，进入遥远的宇宙，也超越时间。所以写科幻小说时，我总是在故事框架允许的范围内，尽可能地把这个时间空间范围扩大一些。
　　不同国家科幻小说的共同之处要远大于不同之处。
　　Liu Cixin is well-known for his widely acclaimed science fiction but he is a low- key and little seen writer. On October 13 lastyear， Liu， who made his debut on an overseas bookexhibition， together with the German version ofThe Three-Body Problem H： The Dark Forest， metwith readers. Liu and German actor Mark Bremerread some paragraphs in the novel in Chinese andGerman respectively， evoking wild enthusiasmamong German fans on social media.
　　A German book fan Jonathan said， "My friendrecommended The Three-Body Problem to me andit is very different from those I have read before.I love it very much. Besides the sci-fi plots， I canalso gain an in-depth understanding of the Chinesemode of thinking and Chinese history， includingChinese people's perceptions about westernculture. This is very interesting. This novel goes farbeyond a pure science fiction." 　　Ackermann （German scholar of Chinesestudies， renowned translator） said， "Most Chinesewriters are unknown in Germany or even in theWest. But Liu Cixin is a household name. He is avery important science novelist recognized notonly in English-speaking countries but also inGermany. His science fiction strikes a chord amongpeople from different cultural backgrounds." Whenasked whether he had expected The Three-BodyProblem to be a hit in the West， Liu admitted thatwhen The Three-Body Problem was translatedinto English， he just wanted the English readersto know that there also were sci-fi novels comingfrom China. In his previous overseas exchanges，Liu used to be asked whether China had its ownscience fiction. But now， Liu said that today'smarket response is "surely beyond expectation".
　　Through media， many readers have known "ATour of Liu Cixin's Science Fiction in Germany" co-organized by the Confucius Institute Headquartersand Heyne affiliated to Random House. But theystill hope to know more about Liu's interviewwith Michael Kahn-Ackermannand Dart， Correspondent ofFrankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung.To this end， we list the abstract ofthis interview as below：
　　"Science itself differs both inthe West and China. In the West，people have gone through thestage of scientific development andstand at a stage where many sub-sectors bloom. In China， however，the country's industrializationstands at its very beginning.Under such a case， Chinese peoplemay have more floors talkingabout science. Because in China，the risks caused by the negativeeffect resulted from scientificdevelopment may be greater thanthat in the West， and science， notonly in the public but also in thegovernment， has been placedunprecedented importance， whichis tremendous enough to make thewhole society neglect its negativeeffect，Considering the status quoof China's development， however，scientific development is the onlychoice. This situation is also moreor less reflected in my sciencefiction as the science describedin current Western novelstakes on many negative images.Furthermore， the future formedby those images is quite gloomy.In my science fiction， science，in the future， boasts dangerous，gloomy and bright aspects， whichmay draw a difference between myscience fiction and the Westerncounterparts."
　　"Science fiction， unlikeprevious understanding， isarranging the future and its everypossibility instead of predicting it.The DarkForest exactly lists theworst possibilities."
　　"I think the only choice toreasonably deal with scientificdevelopmentis to bravely face and thenovercome its negative effect. Avoidanceis not a wise choice." 　　"As my short stories have grandframeworks and scenes， each one ofthem is tantamount to the outline of afull-length novel. However， these shortstories fail to develop into full-lengthnovels， which is surely my regret. I havemore than once thought if all my 30 plusshort stories become full-length novels，what on earth it would be."
　　"I think that we should be rationalabout the future， which means thatwe believe human beings may havea bright future but we should also bevigilant about our own choices. A wrongchoice made， the future may crash in tothe dark side described in the sciencefiction. In one word， future depends onthe present."
　　"What politicians， economistsor people from other fields can see isnot because they are short-sighted butthey have more restrictions. In general，they have to focus themselves on atime range of less than half a century，or it will be very difficult for them torealize themselves. But science fictionis not restricted by realiy which is anadvantage for it to serve as a literarytheme."
　　"Science fiction is a windowthrough which we can see the time andspace beyond life. Scientists always takea long view， a view even longer thanwhat science fiction could take. In fact，the furthest distance that science fictioncan see will not go beyond the scopeof science. Take the cosmic doomsdayas an example： we cannot see what willcome after the cosmic doomsday， butscientists can."
　　"Science fiction itself is a litera rytheme that transcends time and space，entering the remote universe. Therefore，whenever l write science fiction， Iexpand the scope of time and space asmuch as possible within the frameworkof story."
　　"Science fiction from differentcountries shares much more in common，which far outweighs the differences."
　　Excerpt by Lyuyan-Wanqian
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