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积累英语词汇的教学实践初探

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  摘 要:词汇教学是新课标教学中的重点内容。教师普遍比较重视,正积极探讨如何进行有效的词汇教学,学生,尤其是农村学生也意识到掌握词汇的必要性。但传统的词汇记忆方法比较枯燥,学生很难坚持。笔者根据教学实践,例举了几个积累词汇的方法。
  关键词:词汇教学;积累词汇
  一、现状
  美国著名作家和教育家L.Ron Hubbar 先生的教育学理论认为,影响理解和应用的最重要因素是词汇。新课程标准(八级)也明确规定了对于词汇量的要求为:学好使用3000个单词和400—500个习惯用语或固定搭配。九级对于词汇量的要求更高:学好使用4500个左右的单词和一定数量的习惯用语和固定搭配。目前,虽然英语考试越来越重视阅读理解,但教师已经意识到词汇在语言学习中的重要性,在教学实践中越来越重视词汇教学和学生的词汇习得。学生也认识到了这一点,明白要学好英语,就不能逃避在英语词汇的浩翰大海中游泳,而且要熟练掌握这种游泳的本领,比以往更加注重词汇的掌握和积累。然而,词汇的积累并非一朝一夕的事,学生普遍觉得比较难,词汇量掌握情况相当不乐观,尤其是农村地区的学生。原因如下:
  1.要准确高效地记忆词汇,读音准确是个不错的方法。但是,绝大多数来自农村的学生普遍没有完全掌握英语国际音标表中的字母读音,更别提连读、弱读、重音等朗读技巧了。
  2.记忆词汇要求有较高的复现率才能较好的掌握,这就要求学生严格遵守艾宾浩斯遗忘曲线的规律,科学安排记忆的词汇量和词汇时间,尽量多的复习和记忆词汇。
  二、我的教学实践
  阅读札记
  不带任务性的阅读会让学生觉得课外阅读只需“浏览”、“看些好玩的”即可,不可能收到很好的阅读效果;而任务太重,学生又会对阅读失去兴趣。于是,笔者细化了要求,要求学生做阅读札记。阅读札记的基本格式如下:
  ①Main idea(30wrods)②New words ③Beartiful words and expression(should be translated into Chinese)④Afterthought(more than 50 words)
  下面是一篇來自笔者教学班的学生札记习作,供大家参考。
  【学生札记】
  The Medal of Life
  Main idea:The talk between the writer and a special boy named matthew tells us that we should never give up when we are in trouble.
  New words and expression:
  muscular dystrophy 肌肉萎缩症 obstacle n.障碍;绊脚石
  obviously adv.显而易见地 briefcase n.公事包
  Beautiful expressions:
  1.An illness had kept the boy home,but he had expressed an interest in meeting me,and it would mean a great deal to him.
  2.When we finished talking,I went to my briefcase and pulled out the first gold medal I won and put it around his neck.I told him he was more of a winner and knew more about success and overcoming obstacles than I ever would.He looked at it for a moment,then took it off and handed it back to me.He said,“You are a chumpion.You earned that medal.Someday when I get to the Olympics and win my own medal,I will show it to you.” I was moved by his words.
  Afterthought:
  Life is a mixture of good times and bad times,happy moments and unhappy moments.So everyone may get into troubles,and don’t know how to do them.They make me think about how to overcome obstacles.Maybe some people will say that we should keep a positive attitude,and then work hard to be out of trouble.But there are few people can do it expect teenagers.For example,we can easily lose heart when we get bad grades,so how to deal with the troubles? We can’t know the true answer until we truly meet the big problem.
  三、结束语
  英语学习应该是个愉快的过程,作为教师的我们,任务就更加艰巨,需要花更多的心思和精力去研究如何让学生快乐的学习,更加轻松的掌握词汇,把英语掌握的如我们的母语!
  参考文献:
  [1] 彭详英.认识背诵作用,优化背诵策略[J].中小学英语教学与研究,2011(6):22-27.
  [2] 《普通高中英语新课程标准》—中华人民共和国教育部制订 人民教育出版社
  (作者单位:浙江省平阳中学)
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