动词串联ABC
来源:用户上传
作者: 李慧敏
高考短文改错题通常以记叙文为主,涉及动词的考查较多。像The old man got off the bus, entering(entered) the supermarket and bought some fruit这样,一句话中有几个动词接连出现,同学们要会判断它们的时态是否正确。
动词的串联包括动词的承接关系和伴随关系两种形式。
动词承接关系是指主语做出了一系列连续动作,这些动作有先后承接关系,常用“A and B”和“A,B and C”两种形式表示。这时候,A、B、C这几个谓语动词时态应一致。
例1The old man entered the room and closed the door. (A and B)
本文第一段中的句子即为A,B and C形式,句中“下车”“进超市”和“买水果”是老人先后做出的一系列动作,时态应一致,enter用现在分词形式是错误的。
动词伴随关系是指主语做出一个动作的同时还伴随着另外的动作,或处于另外一种状态中。表示伴随的动词应该采用现在分词形式,常用“A + V-ing”或“V-ing + A”形式表示。
例2He came out, waving his hands. (A + V-ing)
他“走出来”的同时“挥着手”,这两个动作是同时进行的。
还有一种比较复杂的情况结合了承接关系和伴随关系,常用“A and B,+ V-ing”形式表示。
例3Suddenly, a tall man seized the girl and took her away, disappearing into the woods. (A and B,+ V-ing)
seized和took her away是承接关系,时态一致;disappearing是对seized和took her away这两个动作的补充说明,表示做出这两个动作时这个高个男人的状态。
遇到动词串联的情况,关键在于判断动词表示的动作是先后发生的还是同时进行的,再判断它们应有的时态形式就很方便了。
【牛刀小试】
He is born in a farmer’s family in Suizhong County, Liaoning Province in June, 1965. When he was a child, he dreamed of flying in the sky. He joined in the army in June, 1983. In 1992, he was sent to the air force base. In August, 1996, he was one of the first 14 members from 1,500 pilots through the physical examination. He worked hard, but he was among the first astronaut of the county in 1998 and was chosen one of the first manned space aircraft astronauts late. On Oct. 15, 2003, he successfully flew to space, circling around the earth about 14 circles and then returned. Luck enough, he was honored to have been given the chance to be the first Chinese travel in space.
【参考答案】
He is born in a farmer’s family in Suizhong County, Liaoning Province in June, 1965. When he was a child, he dreamed of flying in the sky. He joined in the army in June, 1983. In 1992, he was sent to the air force base. In August, 1996, he was one of the first 14 members from 1,500 pilots through the physical examination. He worked hard, but he was among the first astronaut of the county in 1998 and was chosen∧one of the first manned space aircraft astronauts late. On Oct. 15, 2003, he successfully flew to space, circling around the earth about 14 circles and then returned. Luck enough, he was honored to have been given the chance to be the first Chinese∧travel in space.
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