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借助谓语动词表达虚拟意义

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  【课题】本文系“甘肃省教育科学‘十三五’规划2018年度《干预谓语动词量的方法在英语构句中的价值研究》课题”的阶段性成果(课题批准号GS【2018】GHB1170)。
  【中图分类号】G633.41 【文献标识码】A 【文章编号】2095-3089(2019)22-0089-02
  Ⅰ.含有条件状语从句的复合句(以do为例;S=主语)
  注意事项:
  1.倒装句
  如果条件句中含有功能词had,should,were时,可以省去if,把功能词提前,构成倒装句。
  2.错综条件句
  若条件句和主句动作不存在同一个时间,则谓语形式应根据具体情况而定。
  3.If there weren’t/had not been +…=without…
  4.If it were not for…/If it hadn’t been for…= but for…
  5.otherwise+虚拟语气的句子
  6.虚拟语气的句子,but+陈述事实的句子
  Ⅱ.虚拟语气用在宾语从句中
  1.wish+thatsb. did …(希望现在用过去式) sb. had done…(希望过去用过去完成式)sb. would/should do(希望将来用过去将来)
  2.would rather后的从句要用虚拟语气
  例:I would rather I hadn’t said such unkind things to you. (虚拟过去)
   I’d rather you came here for the answer tomorrow morning. (虚拟将来)
  I’d rather you posted the letter right away.  (虚拟现在)
  3.suggest+(that)S+should+do…
  表示愿望、建议、请求等主观意向的动词之后的宾语从句,谓语用should +动词原形,should常常省略。
  这类词有:decide,demand,desire,insist,order,propose,suggest,recommend,requested, require等。
  注意:
  (1)suggest 当“建议”讲时,其宾语从句用虚拟语气;当“暗示、表明”时,用陈述语气。
  (2)insist 当坚持“看法或建议”时,宾语从句用虚拟语气;当坚持“某个事实”时,用陈述语气。
  判断改错:
  (错)Your pale face suggests that you (should) be ill.
  (对)Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
  (错) I insisted that you (should) be wrong.
  (对) I insisted that you were wrong.
  Ⅲ.虚拟语气用在主语从句中
  It is demanded/necessary/a pity+that…等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用should 加动词原形,should 可省略。
  Ⅳ.虚拟语气用在同位语从句中
  某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词后同位语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为(should)+动词原形。
  这类名词常见的有:advice,suggestion,proposal(提议),order, demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation(推荐),plan,resolution(决议), idea等。
  eg. We are all for your proposal that the discussion (should)be put off.
  V.虚拟语气用在表语从句中
  某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时,表语从句需用虚拟语气,其表达形式为(should)+动词原形。
  这类名词常见的有:advice,suggestion,proposal,order, demand,desire,request,requirement,recommendation以及plan,idea,resolution等。
  eg. My suggestion is that the mayor (should) present the prizes.
  VI.虛拟语气用在定语从句中
  It is (about/high) time+that sb.did sth./should do sth..
   eg.Don’t you think it’s about time we went home?
  注意:在this is the first time/second time that…句型中,从句中谓语动词用陈述语气完成时态。
  eg.Is this the first time that you have visited Hongkong?
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