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敲低IncRNA`-CCAT1表达对胶质瘤细胞凋亡影响

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  [摘要]目的探讨敲低长链非编码RNA`-结肠癌相关转录因子1(IncRNA`-CCAT1)表达对胶质瘤细胞活力、凋亡的影响及机制。方法将人脑胶质瘤U251细胞随机分为空白组(未转染的细胞)、阴性对照IncRNA`-CCAT1`-NC组(NC组)和IncRNA`-CCAT1`-小干扰RNA(siRNA)组(CCAT1`-siRNA组),CCAT1`-siRNA转染U251细胞48 h,应用实时荧光定量PCR(qRT`-PCR)、流式细胞术及Western blotting分别检测转染效果、细胞凋亡率及β`-catenin、cyclinD1和Survivin蛋白表达。采用MTT法检测CCAT1`-siRNA转染U251细胞24~96 h的细胞活力。结果CCAT1`-siRNA组和空白组间CCAT1 mRNA表达差异具有统计学意义(F=472.885,P<0.05),而NC组和空白组间CCAT1 mRNA表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CCAT1`-siRNA组和空白组相比较,细胞活力降低,凋亡率升高,β`-catenin、cyclinD1和Survivin蛋白表达降低,差异具有统计学意义(F=13.372~100.869,P<0.05)。结论敲低IncRNA`-CCAT1表达可抑制胶质瘤细胞活力、诱导凋亡,其机制可能与下调Wnt/β`-catenin信号通路β`-catenin、cyclinD1和Survivin表达有关。
  [关键词]神经胶质瘤;RNA,长链非编码;结肠癌相关转录因子1;细胞凋亡;Wnt信號通路
  [ABSTRACT]ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of knockdown of the long non`-coding RNA colon cancer`-associated transcript 1 (lncRNA`-CCAT1) on the viability and apoptosis of glioma cells and related mechanism. MethodsHuman glioma U251 cells were randomly divided into blank group (untransfected cells), lncRNA`-CCAT1 negative control group (NC group), and lncRNA`-CCAT1 small interfering RNA group (CCAT1`-siRNA group). U251 cells were transfected with CCAT1`-siRNA for 48 h. Quantitative real`-time PCR was used to measure transfection efficiency, flow cytometry was used to measure cell apoptosis rate, and Western blot was used to measure the protein expression of β`-catenin, cyclinD1, and Survivin. MTT assay was used to measure the viability of U251 cells at 24-96 h of CCAT1`-siRNA transfection. ResultsThere was a significant difference in the mRNA expression of CCAT1 between the CCAT1`-siRNA group and the blank group (F=472.885,P<0.05), while there was no significant difference between the NC group and the blank group (P>0.05). Compared with the blank group, the CCAT1`-siRNA group had a significant reduction in cell viability, a significant increase in apoptosis rate, and significant reductions in the protein expression of β`-catenin, cyclinD1, and Survivin (F=13.372-100.869,P<0.05). ConclusionLncRNA`-CCAT1 knockdown can inhi`-bit the viability and induce apoptosis of glioma cells, possibly by downregulating the expression of β`-catenin, cyclinD1, and Survivin in the Wnt/β`-catenin signaling pathway.
  [KEY WORDS]glioma; RNA, long noncoding; colon cancer associated transcription 1; apoptosis; Wnt signaling pathway
  脑胶质瘤是常见的原发性脑肿瘤,具有发病率高、复发率高、死亡率高及治愈率低的特点,严重危害人民的生命健康[1]。随着分子生物学及肿瘤基因学的发展,胶质瘤的基因治疗成为研究热点。长链非编码RNA(IncRNA)是一类不编码蛋白、转录后长度大于200 nt的RNA分子,具有类似mRNA样结构。近些年大量研究结果表明,IncRNA与多种疾病发生发展密切相关[2`-3]。结肠癌相关转录因子1(CCAT1)是新近发现的一种IncRNA,在肝癌、肺癌、胃癌等多种肿瘤中IncRNA`-CCAT1均呈现高表达,影响肿瘤发生发展[4`-6]。胶质瘤相关研究结果显示,IncRNA`-CCAT1可促进胶质瘤细胞增殖、侵袭、迁移和上皮细胞`-间充质转化(EMT)[7`-8]。但关于其对胶质瘤细胞凋亡的影响及机制目前尚未清楚。因此,本研究以人脑胶质瘤U251细胞为研究对象,通过RNA干扰技术抑制CCAT1表达,旨在探讨敲减IncRNA`-CCAT1表达对脑胶质瘤细胞凋亡影响,并进一步研究影响凋亡的作用机制。现将结果报告如下。   1材料和方法
  1.1细胞系及试剂和仪器
  人脑胶质瘤U251细胞系购自中国科学院上海细胞库。RPMI 1640培养液、FBS均购自美国Gibco;IncRNA`-CCAT1`-阴性对照(NC)和IncRNA`-CCAT1`-小干扰RNA(siRNA)均由广州瑞博生物科技有限公司合成;噻唑蓝(MTT)试剂盒及DMSO均购自美国Sigma;β`-catenin、cyclinD1和Survivin抗体及HRP标记的二抗均购自美国Abcam;细胞凋亡试剂盒、流式细胞仪均购自美国BD;多功能酶标仪购自美国Bio`-Rad;实时荧光定量PCR(qRT`-PCR)试剂盒购自大连TaKaRa。
  1.2细胞培养
  U251细胞常规复苏后,使用含体积分数0.10 FBS的RPMI 1640培养液,在体积分数0.05 CO2、37 ℃恒温培养箱中培养,每天观察细胞生长状态,每2 d换液1次,细胞生长状态良好,且达90%~95%融合时,按照实验需要传代。取生长至对数期的细胞进行后续实验。
  1.3分组及转染
  将U251细胞随机分为空白组(未转染的细胞,A组)、阴性对照IncRNA`-CCAT1`-NC组(NC组,B组)和IncRNA`-CCAT1`-siRNA组(CCAT1`-siRNA组,C组)。转染的操作步骤按照LipofectamineTM 2000说明进行。转染前1 d以生长至对数期的U251细胞接种于6孔板,密度为(3~5)×107/L,使转染前细胞达30%~50%融合。制备脂质体和siRNA复合物,将复合物加入6孔板,于体积分数0.05 CO2、37 ℃恒温培养箱中培养6 h,更换含血清的培养液继续培养48 h,用于后续实验研究。
  1.4qRT`-PCR方法验证敲低U251细胞IncRNA`-CCAT1效率
  采用Trizol法提取转染CCAT1`-siRNA 48 h细胞总RNA,紫外线分光光度计检测A260/280比值及浓度,比值为1.8~2.0时,表明样品纯度高,可用于后续实验。依据大连TaKaRa逆转录试剂盒说明要求将总RNA逆转录为cDNA。参照qRT`-PCR试剂盒说明配置反应体系及设置反应条件,其中反应体系为20 μL,反应结束后,依据所得Ct均值,以GAPDH作为内参,采用2-△△Ct方法计算各组细胞IncRNA`-CCAT1的mRNA相对表达量。每组实验均重复3次,取均值。
  1.5MTT法测定细胞活力
  以每孔5 000个生长至对数期的U251细胞接种于96孔板,常规培养24 h后,按照1.3方法转染,每组设置5个重复孔,转染后的细胞在体积分数0.05 CO2、37 ℃恒温培养箱培养24、48、72和96 h,吸去孔内培养液,PBS洗涤1次,每孔加入20 μL MTT溶液(5 g/L),常规孵育4~6 h,吸尽孔内上清,每孔加DMSO 150 μL,摇床低速震荡10 min。于490 nm波长处用酶标仪测定各孔的吸光度(A)值。实验重复3次,取均值。
  1.6流式细胞术测定细胞凋亡率
  以每孔5×105个生长至对数期的U251细胞接种于96孔板,参照1.3方法将CCAT1`-siRNA转染细胞,预冷PBS洗涤、1×binding buffer重悬转染48 h的细胞,取200 μL细胞悬液,分别加5 μL 的Annexin V`-FITC和5 μL的 PI,上机前补加1×binding buffer 200 μL,通过流式细胞仪检测(1 h内完成)。实验重复3次。
  1.7Western blotting检测相关蛋白表达
  采用RIPA裂解液提取敲低IncRNA`-CCAT1`-siRNA的U251细胞、阴性对照U251细胞及未转染的空白组U251细胞总蛋白,BCA蛋白测定试剂盒测定总蛋白浓度。总蛋白100 ℃水浴变性5 min,按照每孔40 μg上样,依次经100 g/L SDS`-PAGE电泳、转膜及封闭膜后,TBST洗膜,将膜置于使用封闭液稀释的一抗溶液中(1∶1 000稀释的β`-catenin、cyclinD1和Survivin抗体及1∶2 000稀释的内参GAPDH),4 ℃孵育过夜,次日,TBST洗膜,加HRP标记的二抗(1∶2 000稀释),37 ℃孵育2 h,TBST洗膜,ECL显色,暗室下X线胶片显影、定影。使用Image J2x软件对相应蛋白进行光密度分析。实验重复3次。
  1.8统计学方法
  所有实验数据采用SPSS 21.0统计软件进行分析,计量资料用±s表示,多组均数比较采用单因素方差分析,两两比较采SNK`-q检验。
  2结果
  2.1敲低IncRNA`-CCAT1对CCAT1 mRNA表达影响
  本文qRT`-PCR检测结果表明,空白组、NC组和CCAT1`-siRNA组的CCAT1 mRNA表达量分别为1.000、0.974±0.048和0.302±0.026,CCAT1`-
  2期刘柳,等. 敲低IncRNA`-CCAT1表达对胶质瘤细胞凋亡影响199
  siRNA組CCAT1 mRNA表达较NC组和空白组明显降低,差异均具有显著意义(F=472.885, P<0.05),而NC组和空白组间CCAT1 mRNA表达差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
  2.2敲低IncRNA`-CCAT1表达对U251细胞活力影响
  MTT检测的各组细胞活力结果显示,NC组和空白组在CCAT1`-siRNA转染U251细胞24~96 h的细胞活力差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),而CCAT1`-siRNA组从转染48 h起细胞活力明显低于空白组(F=10.415~23.775,P<0.05)。见图1。   2.3敲低IncRNA`-CCAT1表达对U251细胞凋亡影响
  流式细胞术检测结果显示,空白组、NC组和CCAT1`-siRNA组的细胞凋亡率分别为(3.66±0.32)%、(3.47±0.30)%和(24.48±2.03)% CCAT1`-siRNA组细胞凋亡率较NC组和空白组明显升高,差异有显著意义(F=304.267,P<0.05)。见图2。
  2.4敲低IncRNA`-CCAT1表达对Wnt/β`-catenin信号通路蛋白表达影响
  Western blotting检测各组细胞的β`-catenin、cyclinD1和Survivin蛋白表达结果显示,CCAT1`-siRNA组β`-catenin、cyclinD1和Survivin的蛋白表达均明显降低(F=13.372~100.869,P<0.05)。见图3、表1。
  3讨论
  越来越多的研究证实,肿瘤发生的分子机制不仅与蛋白编码基因有关,与非编码调节的RNA也有关系[9`-12]。近年大量的研究表明,人类基因组中有超过90%的LncRNA、siRNA、miRNA等非编码RNA广泛参与肿瘤发生、细胞代谢、免疫应答、胚胎发育等生理病理过程的调控[13`-15]。最近已发现多个LncRNA在胶质瘤中异常表达,且一些LncRNA可影响肿瘤细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭和迁移等生物学特性[16]。CCAT1是近年来新发现的一种IncRNA,IncRNA`-CCAT1定位于染色体8q24.21,有多项研究表明IncRNA`-CCAT1可影响肿瘤进展[17`-19]。如IncRNA`-CCAT1可以通过抑制miR`-152促进肝外胆管癌的转移、侵袭和EMT[17];LncRNA`-CCAT1可以通过上调Livin抑制肾癌细胞的凋亡[18];下调IncRNA`-CCAT1可通过调控miR`-148b增强乳癌化疗敏感性[19]。以上研究提示,IncRNA`-CCAT1可能在胶质瘤发生发展中发挥重要作用。已有研究证实,IncRNA`-CCAT1可以促进胶质瘤细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移[8],而CCAT1对胶质瘤细胞凋亡的影响及其机制目前尚未明确。因此,本研究探讨了敲减IncRNA`-CCAT1表达后的胶质瘤细胞凋亡变化,结果显示,IncRNA`-CCAT1表达降低可明显抑制胶质瘤细胞活力、诱导细胞凋亡。
  Wnt/β`-catenin信号通路也被称为经典的Wnt信号,已被证实广泛参与肿瘤形成、胚胎发育、细胞增殖等过程[20`-23]。β`-catenin是Wnt/β`-catenin信号通路的关键信号转导分子,但各种因素引起Wnt分子表达增多时,可使胞质β`-catenin蛋白大量积聚,积聚的β`-catenin入核后与TCF/LEF家族转录因子结合,调控下游cyclinD1、survivin、c`-myc等一系列基因表达,进而影响肿瘤生物学特性[24`-26]。大量研究表明,Wnt/β`-catenin信号异常活化与多种肿瘤发生发展存在密切关系[27`-28]。如过表达SOX9可以通过Wnt/β`-catenin信号通路促进胶质瘤转移[27];Wnt/β`-catenin信号通路抑制剂能够抑制脑胶质瘤细胞增殖、迁徙及迁移能力[28]。此外,也有多項研究表明,IncRNA可通过调控Wnt/β`-catenin信号通路影响胶质瘤细胞生长[29`-30]。如IncRNA AB073614可通过下调SOX7激活Wnt/β`-catenin信号增加胶质瘤的恶性行为[29];高表达LncRNA CCND2`-AS1可通过Wnt/β`-catenin信号通路促进胶质瘤细胞增殖[30]。IncRNA`-CCAT1是否可通过调控Wnt/β`-catenin信号通路影响胶质瘤细胞凋亡还未清楚。本研究结果显示,敲减IncRNA`-CCAT1表达可下调β`-catenin、cyclinD1和survivin表达。这提示IncRNA`-CCAT1诱导胶质瘤细胞凋亡与下调Wnt/β`-catenin信号通路有关。
  综上所述,敲减IncRNA`-CCAT1表达可抑制胶质瘤细胞活力、诱导细胞凋亡,其机制与下调Wnt/β`-catenin信号通路有关。目前关于IncRNA`-CCAT1对胶质瘤细胞生长的影响及机制研究较少,本研究也仅限于IncRNA`-CCAT1对胶质瘤细胞增殖、凋亡及Wnt/β`-catenin信号通路的影响,而IncRNA`-CCAT1对胶质瘤细胞凋亡影响是否通过其他信号途径还未明确,值得进一步研究。
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