常用 难学的不定代词
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作者: 东 耳
并未指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词,在句中可做主语、表语、宾语和定语。现将几个常用的不定代词的区别与用法举例说明如下:
1. some与any的区别
1)some多用于肯定句,表示“一些,几个”做形容词时,后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词;②可数名词+复数动词。例:
Look! Some of the students are cleaning the library.
Some rice in the bag has been sold out.
2)any多用于疑问句、条件句和否定句,表示“一些,任何”,用做形容词时,后面可以接①不可数名词+单数动词;②可数名词+复数动词。例:
If you have any questions, please ask me.
There isn’t any orange in the bottle.
Have you got any tea?
3)any和some也可以做代词用,表示“一些”。any多用于疑问句或否定句,some多用于肯定句。例:
―How many people can you see in the picture?
―I can’t see any.
―If you have no money, I’ll lend you some.
注意:与some, any结合的词如something, somebody, someone, anything, anyone, anybody在肯定句、否定句、疑问句、条件句中的用法,大致和some, any的用法相同。
2. few, a few, little, a little在用法上的区别
1)用做形容词。
例:
I’m going to buy a few apples.
He can speak only a little Chinese
There is only a little milk in the glass.
He has few friends.
They had little money with them.
2)a little和little也可以用做副词,a little表示“有点,稍微”,little表示“很少”。例:
I’m a little hungry. (修饰形容词hungry)
Let him sleep a little. (修饰动词sleep)
Mary, go a little faster, please. (修饰副词比较级)
She slept very little last night.
3. other, the other, another, others, the others的区别
1)other可以做形容词用,后面可以跟单数或复数名词,意思是“其他的、别的”。例:
Where are his other books?
I haven’t any other books except this one.
2)other也可以用做代词,与冠词the连用构成“the other”,表示两个人或物中的“另一个”。常与one搭配构成“one ..., the other ...”句型。例:
He has two brothers. One is 10 years old , the other is 5 years old.
She held a ruler in one hand and an exercise-book in the other.
3)other做代词用时,可以有复数“others”,泛指“另外的人或物”,常与some搭配构成“some ...others ...”句型。例:
Some went to the cinema, others went swimming.
This coat is too large. Show me some others, please.
4)“the others”特指某范围内的“其他的人或物”。例:
We got home by 4 o’clock, but the others didn’t get back until 8 o’clock.
In our class only Tom is English, the others are Chinese.
5)another可以做形容词用,修饰后面的名词,意为“另一个”,还可以与代词one连用。例:
You can see another ship in the sea, can’t you?
Mary doesn’t want to buy this skirt. Would you please show her another one?
6)another也可以做代词用,表示“另一个”。
I’m still hungry after I’ve had this cake. Please give me another.
4. every与each的区别
例:
The teacher gave a toy to each child.
Each ball has a different colour.
当我们说each child, each student或each teacher时,想到的是一个人的情况。而当我们说every child和every student时,想到的是全体的情况,every的意思与all接近,表示他们都如此。例:
Every student loves the English teacher.
= All students love the English teacher.
Every child likes playing.
= All children like playing
5. all和both的用法
1)all指三者以上,或不可数的物。谓语动词既可以用单数,也可以用复数。在句中做主语、表语、宾语、同位语和定语。例:
All of us like Mr.Pope. (做主语)
= We all like Mr. Pope. (做同位语)
All the water has been used up. (做主语)
That’s all for today. (做表语)
Why not eat all (of) the fish? (做宾语)
All the leaders are here. (做定语)
2)both做代词。
①与名词或代词连用,表示“两个都”。例:
Lucy and Lily both agree with us.
They both passed on their sticks at the same time.
How are your parents? They’re both fine.
②与“of +代词(或名词)”连用,表示“两者都”。例:
Both of them came to see Mary.
Both of the books are very interesting.
③单独使用,表示“两者都”。例:
Michael has two sons. Both are clever.
I don’t know which book is the better, I shall read both.
3)both用做形容词,放在名词之前,修饰该名词,表示“两者都”。例:
Both his younger sisters are our classmates.
There are tall trees on both sides of the street.
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