做好完形填空“四部曲”

来源:用户上传      作者: 杨志英

　　一、通读全文,了解大意
　　
　　完形填空题不同于单项选择填空题,它所给的是一篇意思完整的短文,所选的答案处在整段或整篇文章之中。因此,做完形填空题时,一定要先通读一遍全文,对文章有个全面的了解,这是绝不可省的一步。切勿为了“省时”而边看边选,否则一定是欲速则不达,有的内容看不懂或理解错误,这样不仅失误率高,且费时更多。
　　跳过空格读全文,这样可以快速了解全文大意,对文章的体裁,事件的前因后果有个大致了解。阅读中要重视文章首句,这个句子往往是探索短文全貌的“窗口”,常常点明了全文的中心思想,对理解文章影响很大。通读全文时,应采用快速阅读法,如遇个别生词,要么通过上下文或构词法猜测词意,要么暂时略过,不必字斟句酌地精读。在阅读中,要特别注意记忆其中最能表现文章内容的关键词或中心句,必要时可用铅笔做些记号,划出某些表人物或情节的词。考试时切不可在没掌握大意之前边读边做,眼睛只在原题与答案之间转动,只看一词一句,犯“只见树木不见森林”的错误。
　　
　　二、逐句细读,边读边选
　　
　　通读全文,弄懂大意后就可以在细读的基础上完成填空了。这时要细心谨慎,逐句地分析,每填一空都要注意形义恰当和前后呼应。做题时要善于发现和利用文中的信息句,从字里行间寻求启示。在做“完形填空”时,往往会出现这样的问题:乍一看,所给的四个选项似乎都可以选。这是由于解题时仅理解留空的句子,而对上下文不予重视,或把这类题当作单项选择填空来做。有时候,要选对一个选项,仅对前后的句子理解是不够的,而要依赖对全文的掌握,这就要从文章中找出一个与该句关系紧密的关键句子。就某个句子而言,好像要填写的词语很多,但一定要与整篇文章协调,不能与上下文相矛盾。具体做题时,我们应遵循先易后难的原则,对有把握的选项可一锤定音。如果遇到一时难以确定的答案可先不填,先做后面的,或有把握的,待填完其他空白后,再回过头来做前面的。有时前后空白形成互相提示和补充,往往会读完下文,受到启发,前面的难题也就迎刃而解了。有些完形填空题直到做完最后一个空,才知道第一个空该填的内容。
　　
　　三、知识梳理,正确运用
　　
　　“完形填空”所要填写的大都是一些常用的单词或短语,以动词、名词等实词为主。单独考查语法的题,尤其是那些不用看上下文就能选出正确答案的题很少出现。这就增加了试题的难度。有时候,试题所提供的选项迷惑性很大,如不认真分析辨别,就容易选错。这就要求同学们在学习过程中,重视对基础知识的学习和归纳,多做这类练习,提高解题能力。
　　
　　四、仔细推敲,认真复查
　　
　　当一篇“完形填空”做完以后,至少要读一遍,检查所填写的词语是否与文章相符,文章是否通顺,前后是否呼应,有无句型结构及语法错误。如果某个空白无法填写,可将四个选项一一尝试,直到语句通顺为止。
　　【高考真题解题思路实录】(2010年湖南卷完形填空)
　　Behind our house is the start of a fascinating trail (小径). This trail is one of the old roads that wind through untold miles of forest. My 36 ,Beans,and I walk the trail frequently. Normally,Beans sniffs alongside the trail to follow the smell of a deer track or 37 some cause known only to him.
　　Beans is a white dog,quite handsome and very 38 . He not only understands what we tell him,but also often makes sounds as if he were trying to 39 back.
　　One morning,we took a different route,which led us to an unfamiliar trail. I was sure this trail would eventually lead us to our familiar 40 . But,no. We seemed to be far off course. After two hours,I suddenly realized that Beans probably 41 the way home. So I urged,“Beans,take me home.” He ran down a new trail. But it merely led to an intersection (岔道口) of trails.
　　Soon it became 42 that we were getting nowhere. I began to picture the rest of the day in the 43 ,without food or drink. We had walked about ten miles. But Beans seemed totally 44 . The sniffing and exploring was going well for him.
　　Finally,we 45 a crossroad near a highway. Lady Luck suggested I should turn left. We did and 46 reached a cottage beside a field. I knocked on the door and explained my situation to an old man. He laughed and then drove us home.
　　Since our adventure,I 47 that Beans probably knew all along how to get home.
　　He was just having too much fun exploring new trails.
　　36. A. deer B. dog C. lady D. man
　　37. A. imagine B. consider C. explore D. present
　　38. A. smart B. sweet C. slow D. shy
　　39. A. turn B. kick C. jump D. speak
　　40. A. driveway B. path C. crossroad D. highway
　　41. A. knew B. saw C. showed D. made
　　42. A,mysterious B. ridiculous
　　 C. fascinating D. apparent
　　43. A. house B. forest C. field D. cottage
　　44. A. unconcerned B. unconscious
　　 C. undecided D. uncomfortable

　　45. A. left for B. went off C. came to D. drove toward
　　46. A. punctually B. frequently
　　 C. formally D. shortly
　　47. A. regretted B. remembered C. concluded D. confirmed
　　【文章大意】文章讲的是作者的狗Beans领着作者沿着一条他不熟悉的小路散步而迷路了,但最终他们还是回到了家。但从这次冒险经历来看,作者断定Beans可能一直知道回家的路,只是他(指狗)觉得探索新的回家之路很有意思罢了。
　　36. 答案选B。根据第二段第一句 Beans is a white dog(Beans是一条白色的狗)可知答案应选B。
　　37. 答案选C。根据文章最后一句He was just having too much fun exploring new trails(他只是觉得探索新的回家之路很有意思)可知答案应选C。
　　38. 答案选A。根据第二段中的He not only understands what we tell him,but also often makes sounds as if he were trying to 39 back(他不仅能听懂我们告诉他的信息,而且还经常会发出一些声音好像他在试图……)可推断Beans的聪明与机智。
　　39. 答案选D。根据句中的makes sounds(发出声音)可知,Beans是在试图用言语进行回答。
　　40. 答案选B。根据文中的I was sure this trail would eventually lead us to our familiar 40 (我相信这条小路最终会把我们引向我们熟悉的……)和后面的But,no(但是,没有)可知,空格处应填path。
　　41. 答案选A。根据下文中的So I urged,“Beans,take me home.”(我催促他说:“Beans,带我回家去。”)可知,作者认为Beans可能知道回家的路,故选A。
　　42. 答案选D。根据上文He ran down a new trail. But it merely led to an intersection of trails(他沿着一条新的小路跑去,但结果这条路通向了一个岔道口)可知,其实Beans并不知道回家的路,所以空格处填apparent(明显的),句意为:很明显,我们很快就走到了一条路的尽头。
　　43. 答案选B。根据文章第一段的This trail is one of the old roads that wind through untold miles of forest(这是一条穿越树林深处的古老小径)可知,此题答案应选B。
　　44. 答案选A。前面一句说We had walked about ten miles(我们大约走了10英里),后面接着说But Beans seemed totally... (但是Beans似乎完全……),结合前后语境(尤其是句中的转折连词but),此题选unconcerned(不关心)最佳。
　　45. 答案选C。Finally,we 45 a crossroad near a highway. Lady Luck suggested I should turn left的大意是:终于,我们 45 一个离大路不远的十字路口。Luck 女士建议我们向左拐。再结合四个选项,显然只有came to(来到)最符合语境。
　　46. 答案选D。由于接受了Luck女士的正确建议,所以作者和他的狗很快就找到了一处村舍,即shortly(不久)符合语境。
　　47. 答案选C。根据最后一句He was just having too much fun exploring new trails(他只是觉得探索新的回家之路很有意思)和Beans probably knew all along how to get home(Beans可能一直知道回家的路)可知,此处是指作者通过此次小小冒险得出的结论,故选C。
　　(编辑 陈根花)

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