您好, 访客   登录/注册

依据文本编写意图,提高英语写作能力

来源:用户上传      作者:

  摘 要:写作是英语语言技能之一,是在听,说,读,看的基础上对学生进行综合语言能力培养的一个重要环节,是学生用来表达思想、进行交际的途径。而对于我们县一级的初中生来说,他们对写作老是有一种害怕的心理。所以教师如何有效培养学生的写作能力,特别是对县一级的初中生来说尤为重要。本文主要针对教材文本编写,提出符合本土学生的写作教学策略,以有效提高学生的写作能力。
  1.依据文本编写意图,促进听与写的结合
  Go for it!教材本身渗透了听与写结合的理念。在初中英语教学中,教师应合理利用和积极开发英语教材中的听力资源,在完成听力活动与任务、提高学生听力理解能力的同时,把说、读、写融入其中,循序渐进,促进学生综合语言运用能力的提高。在深入挖掘听力材料内在涵义的基础上,充分利用这些资源进行读写整合。初级阶段可以降低难度,以词语填空和写小短文的形式来练习写作.
  例如七年级上册Unit 6Do you like bananas?Section B1c Listen and circle the food you hear in 1a和1d Listen again. Fill in the chart.
  Likes Doesn’t like
  Tom Carrots,salad apples
  Sally Fruit,ice-cream,salad vegetables
  這个单元的话题是谈论学生对食物的喜好,所以在学生完成听力任务后,让学生根据表格写一篇小短文。此时也可叫学生可以看后面的听力材料来丰富自己的小短文:
  Tom and Sally are good friends.Tom likes all vegetables such as carrots,salad.But he doesn’t like apples.Sally likes fruit .She likes bananas,oranges and apples. She really like ice cream. She doesn’t like vegetables.She only likes salad.
  学生通过听力资源来训练本单元话题作文,为后面的主题写作积累了很好的语言素材。
  又如Go for it 九年级Unit 13 We’re trying to save the earth! Section B 1c,1d,1e.学生在完成听力任务1c 和1d 后,我设计了这样一个任务:According to the tape scripts,We have known Jack has read a book.What is it about?(giving ideas about how we can save the environment). What are the ideas?在完成1e后,让学生写下自己是如何保护环境以及将来准备如何做的。
  2.依据文本编写意图,促进读与写的结合
  对语言学习者来说,‘Reading is wring’. 阅读和写作是两个相互交融的行为,两者相互相成。在初中阶段依托课文材料的借鉴式写作能大大降低写作难度,减轻学生对写作的焦虑感。(朱玮玮,2014)
  Go for it!教材本身就渗透了读与写结合的理念,教材中所选文章都是专家学者精挑细选后的经典,这些文章语言真实鲜活,题材广泛,题材多样,教师可以深入挖掘阅读文本材料,借鉴阅读材料的美词佳句和篇章结构,将其恰当的运用于写作实践中,激发学生写作的积极性。七年级可以采取仿写;也可将对话改编成文章的形式。到了九年级,学生可以通过英语阅读获取信息,在吸收信息的基础上转述信息,并让学生在阅读文本的基础上进行创造性写作。教师应采取由易到难、由简到繁的方式设计教学,以达到巩固已学的语言知识和提高写作能力,进一步增强英语语感,促进语言能力的发展。在此过程中,这种阶梯式设计也有利于学生兴趣的培养。
  我在上Go for it七年级上Unit 9Section B 2b 时,就让学生进行了阅读后的仿写,效果很好。我整合了2c 和3a,设计了下面的教学活动,先利用2c的要求进行设计
  Complete Yu Mei’s schedule and opinions about subjects with the information in 2b
  Friday
  Time Subjects/Activities Time Subjects/Activities
  8:00 to 8:50 12:00 to 1:00
  9:00 to 9:50 1:00 to 1:50
  10:00 to 10:50 2:00 to 4:00
  11:00 to 11:50
  What does she think of the subjects?
  Math science history PE Chinese art
  学生完成表格后,通过表格来复述Yu Mei的Friday.接下来 我重新设计了一个表格让学生来谈谈自己的星期五(Now write an email message to a friend about your Friday.)
  Friday
  Time Subjects/Activities Opinion(观点) Time Subjects/Activities Opinion(观点)
  学生根据自己的作息时间和对学科的看法先完成表格,再根据表格内容完成书面表达。这是一位中等程度学生最后生成的文章:   Dear John,
  I am busy on Friday.At 8:00 I have English.I don’t like English .I think it is difficult,but my teacher says it is useful.Then I have math at 9:00.It is cool,but many girl students think it is difficult.At 10:00 I have Chinese,I like Chinese best,I think it is interesting.After that,I have music at 11:00.My music teacher is very beautiful.I have lunch at 12at home.I have history at 2:30in the afternoon.I think history is fun.Then I have art.It is fun.After 4:30,we can do sports on the playground.It is really relaxing.
  Your friend,
  Liu Tao
  这次的写作老师改得很轻松,学生的语言输入得到了有效的输出,内容充实,大大的提高了学生的写作热情。因此要帮助学生实现保质保量的输出,教师必须明确英语阅读和写作的本质,并在此基础上按照循序渐进的原则设计读写结合的活动,引导学生在写文章时,除了使用所给的关键词之外,还可以运用阅读文章中的一些好的词汇和句型。这样写出的文章不至于空泛,而且会使学生极大地增强自信心,获得从未体验过的成就感和满足感。
  九年级的学生,由于有了前面两年的训练,已经具有一定的语言基础和较强的综合语言运用能力。依据教材文本,在读后活动中设计开放性活动如角色扮演,故事续尾活动,辩论,拓展讨论等等,为后面的写作活动提供丰富的语言素材,把语言形式和语言意义结合起来。
  我在上Go for it 九年级Unit 7 Section B 2b Should I be allowed to make my own decision? 时,在读后活动中设计了一场辩论赛.题目是:Do you think teachers have to wear uniforms to school?我把学生分为两组,一组认为:Teachers should be allowed to wear their own clothes to school.另一组认为:Teachers shouldn’t be allowed to wear their own clothes to school . .学生在小组讨论之后展开辩论。在辩论中,气氛热烈,为了支撑自己的论点,有的学生还快速查閱字典。这次辩论给老师很多惊喜,学生能多角度思考问题,还用了一些新词。最后我让学生们把这次辩论的结果写成一篇文章。下面这篇是比较优秀的一篇:
  Do you think teachers have to wear uniforms to school?
  In our class,we have two opinions.Some students don’t think teachers have to wear uniforms to school.On the one hand,the school will be extremely serious and we will feel uncomfortable if all teachers wear the same clothes,because they look the same. It shows no identity in a teacher. On the other hand,they are boring and the color is too dark and simple.Teachers look too ugly on them.Besides,it is said the colors help enhance one’s memory,so it is good for studying. In our opinion,teachers should be allowed to wear their own clothes.
  The other students don’t agree with us.Firstly,uniforms are tidy and comfortable. Secondly,it sets a good example for us. Thirdly,they are a symbol for teachers.If we need help,we can recognize teachers immediately. Lastly,we would concentrate more on their clothes than our studies if teachers wear their own clothes.
  对学生而言,英语教材是他们接触到的最主要的课程资源,为学习提供了大量鲜活的语言材料。教材的编写紧扣《课标》的要求,几乎涵盖了课标‘话题功能表’中的所有的话题,因而为书面表达能力的训练和培养提供了丰富的资源。教师应结合教学需要和学生实际,创造性使用教材以提高学生的书面表达能力。
转载注明来源:https://www.xzbu.com/1/view-14703351.htm