孔子文化感染日韩

来源:用户上传      作者: 董礼智

　　“大约1600年前，《论语》经由朝鲜半岛传入日本，成为日本有史以来的第一本书籍。”这是我们参观日本山口县周南市当地孔庙德修馆保存会时，会长衫村洋治先生给我们作的介绍。
　　2009年6月中旬，“孔子故乡・魅力山东”图片展连续在日本山口县周南市、下关市和韩国首尔举行，在当地引起巨大反响。
　　
　　但事实上，早在中国汉朝时期，孔子思想便通过《论语》的传入而一直流传至今。
　　这次由山东省对外友协常务副会长段毅军为团长、山东省人民政府新闻办公室主任李建军为副团长的山东省文化代表团带着展览访问日本、韩国，使当地民众对孔子的思想和他的家乡风貌“温故而知新”。
　　
　　“这些照片，感动得我想掉眼泪”
　　
　　周南市是此次展览的第一站。在抵达的当天晚上，市长岛津幸男先生为山东文化代表团举办了别开生面的欢迎酒会。在4张主要酒桌上，分别摆放着“日”、“中”、“友”、“好”4个桌牌，其真诚用心令人感动。
　　而岛津市长的欢迎词也完全不是例行公事。他说：“你们寄来的140幅展览照片前天我们就收到了。照片实在太漂亮了，我们没舍得立刻拿到展厅布展，而是留在办公室细细欣赏了一整天。”“看了这些照片，我感动得都想掉泪！山东的文化、景观虽然我了解一些，但一下子看到这么多美好的人文、名胜，我还是感到非常震撼！”他转而强调：“对日中友谊，我们有责任继续维护下去。特别是像我们这个年龄的中年人，更是有责任、有义务把日中友谊发扬、传承下去。”
　　这次带去的展览照片，是由走向世界杂志社拍摄、承制的。5月底到6月初，这些照片曾跟随另一个山东文化代表团在奥地利、希腊展出，获得当地高度评价。整个照片分为3个版块：孔子故乡、东岳泰山、魅力山东，内容上突出文化、突出风光。这次从西方来到东方，依然受到了认可。
　　出席欢迎酒会的周南地区日中友好协会的青木哲也先生格外引人注目。他今年71岁，7次到中国，先后去了济南、青岛、曲阜、北京、上海、浙江、深圳等地，其中曲阜更是去了两次。出于对中国文化的向往，虽逾古稀之年仍然在学习汉语，除了参加当地举办的汉语讲座，他还专门请了中国留学生做家教，日汉电子词典一直随身携带。受他的影响，他的儿子来到了中国工作，至今已有4年。对山东在日本举办图片展，青木先生颇有感触。他谈到，日中两国文化同源、习俗相近，山东作为孔子的故乡来这里举办展览，对日本人来说很亲近，可以帮助人们了解山东、了解中国文化。
　　
　　前首相夫人为展览剪彩
　　
　　来自孔子故乡的文化展吸引了大量社会名流。
　　6月14日，山东文化图片展来到了第二个举办地――山口县最大的城市下关。展览被富有创意地安排在熙熙攘攘的当地大型超市SEAMAIL展出。在参加剪彩仪式的嘉宾中，一位气质非凡的女士引人注目，她就是日本前首相安倍晋三的夫人安倍昭惠女士。她的到来使得展览变得更加妩媚。和安倍昭惠女士一起剪彩的还有一位颇具绅士风度的先生――日本前防卫大臣、日中友好议员联盟秘书长、参议员林芳正。据悉，如此高规格的社会名流为一个外国的地方展览剪彩，这在当地极为罕见。
　　在展览大厅，安倍昭惠女士和林芳正先生在段毅军、李建军两位团长的陪同下，看得非常仔细。他们不时停下脚步，了解图片所蕴含的详细内容。各界来宾和场内观众也都紧随其后，使展览区内形成了一个庞大的人群。
　　看完展览后，安倍昭惠女士不时和场内观众合影留念，对展览的欣赏、留恋之情溢于言表。
　　其实在日本期间，山东文化代表团所到之处，都引起了当地高层的重视。除上面提到的人员外，日本前首相安倍晋三、现任内阁防卫大臣政务官岸信夫、前外相高村正彦的夫人高村治子、山口县知事二井关成、日本贸易振兴机构理事长林康夫、日中经济交流协会会长石崎幸亮、山口县日中友好协会会长矢吹欣一等都在不同场合与代表团会见、交流。
　　在韩国首尔，韩国国会议员卢来、具相灿和韩中经济贸易促进协会会长赵炳仁等政要发表致辞并参加了剪彩仪式。
　　
　　“文化从来都不会脱离经济”
　　
　　
　　山东文化代表团的日韩之旅吸引了大批新闻媒体。包括日本的山口电视台、山口新闻报、中国新闻报和韩国的TBS电视台、中华电视台、亚洲经济报、统一新闻报在内的多家媒体对来自孔子故乡的展览和活动予以追踪报道。山东文化代表团也派出山东电视台、走向世界杂志社随团采访。多数媒体在分析展览成功举办的深层原因时一语中的：文化从来都不会脱离经济。
　　当前世界各国都被金融危机所困扰，中日韩三国间的经济贸易活动受到很大负面影响，日韩经济甚至发生负增长。在这种背景下，各方都希望积极开展文化交流，以文化交流促进相互间的经济合作。
　　山口县知事二井关成先生专门接受了我们的采访。他对“孔子故乡―中国山东图片展”的成功举办表示真诚祝贺，并表示下一步要以山口县宇部机场与济南机场结好和两省县相互举办图片展为契机，开展包括互派包机等交流活动，加强两省县人员往来和观光交流，为彼此间的经济振兴作出贡献。目前山口县呼吁县民积极报名参加拟于10月8日首飞的“宇部―济南”包机，以打通山口―山东旅游通道。
　　周南市长岛津幸男先生也接受了记者采访，并直截了当地表示：当前的金融危机对中日经济界来说反而是难得的机会。日本企业应当积极扩大对华投资，开拓中国市场，而中国企业则应趁机大力收购日本的资产、技术和资源。他自豪地说：“周南市就因在这方面采取经济对策时出手快、力度大而收到了良好的效果，在日本经济下滑、企业倒闭、失业剧增的形势下，周南市目前经济反而逆势增长5%。”
　　在拜会日本贸易振兴机构林康夫理事长、柳田理事时，他们谈到：今年3月以前，日本贸易振兴机构还在研究日企如何安全从中国撤资。但最近所做的一项调查表明，日本超过一半的企业认为在经济危机形势下，应当进一步加强与中国的合作，抢抓中国拉动内需的4万亿投资所带来的商机，积极开拓潜力巨大的中国市场。
　　山东文化代表团团长段毅军表示：中共山东省委、省政府提出要建设经济文化强省，因此经济与文化就是一个共同体。我们这次展览的主题是“孔子故乡・魅力山东”，形象符号是孔子。孔子所代表的儒家文化思想在国际范围内影响深远，借用孔子介绍山东是一个事半功倍的做法，有助于通过对我们历史文化、风景名胜的了解，来达到更大范围的交流与合作。
　　
　　“孔子思想及山东人”
　　
　　在本次展览的第一站周南市，为了更深刻地了解孔子、了解山东，日方特别邀请李建军副团长作了《孔子思想及山东人》的主题演讲。周南市市长、议员及其他嘉宾济济一堂，共同感受孔子思想。
　　李副团长开宗明义地讲到：孔子登东山而小鲁，登泰山而小天下。山东之地不仅是五岳独尊的泰山崛起的地方，更是哺育了中华文明的母亲河――黄河入海的地方。经过漫长的历史沉淀，泰山、黄河、孔子构成了齐鲁文化的标志性特征，“一山一水一圣人”也成为了山东文化地理学上高度概括的文化符号。
　　对孔子思想的主要内涵，李副团长认为是：以人为本，以仁为核心，以德为美，以孝为先，以和为贵，以礼为范，以“三纲”“五常”为主要内容，以天人合一、阴阳和谐为主要境界，以“中庸”为主要方法，以因时变革为前进动力。来宾对此颇为赞同。
　　作为诞生于山东的一代先哲，孔子的思想对山东人的影响到底有哪些？李副团长概括为三个方面：第一，“忠孝仁义”是孔子思想对山东人影响的最鲜明的体现。从递进关系来说又概括为四个字：孝-爱-忠-义。这四个字的意思是：因为孝敬父母，所以热爱家乡；因为热爱家乡，所以忠诚国家；因为忠诚国家，所以特别重义气、讲气节。

　　第二，受孔子“礼”的影响，山东成为了典型的“礼仪之邦”。认为“礼”的思想成就了“好客山东”的现状，而“好客文化”也逐渐沉淀为鲜明的“山东性格”。
　　第三，“和”的思想贯穿古今中外。“和”所表达的和睦、和平、和谐是孔子思想体系中的核心部分，也是孔子一生远大的理想与追求。今天悬挂在联合国总部的题有孔子格言“己所不欲，勿施于人”的匾牌，就是全世界对孔子和的思想的一致认同。
　　
　　当最后李建军副团长引用宋代大儒朱熹的名言 “天不生孔子，万古长如夜”结束整个演讲时，大厅掌声经久不息。这掌声，是对孔子思想的礼赞，也是对当今社会人们行为准则的一种感悟。
　　
　　Confucian Thinking Widely Spread in Japan and Korea
　　
　　In Mid-June, 2009, the travelling photographic exhibition entitled “Confucius’ Hometown, Charming Shandong” visited Shunan City and Shimonoseki City of Yamaguchi Prefecture, Japan, and Seoul City, South Korea.
　　The Shandong Cultural Delegation headed by Ms. Duan Yijun, Standing Vice Chairman of Shandong External Friendship Association and Mr. Li Jianjun, Director of the Information Office of Shandong Provincial People’s Government hosted the exhibition, which gave the people in Japan and South Korea an opportunity to have close contact with Confucian thinking and the hometown of Confucius.
　　Shunan City was the first venue for the exhibition. Mayor Yukio Shimazu said: “I was so moved by these pictures that I almost could not help shedding tears after seeing them. Although I previously knew something about Shandong’s culture and scenic sites, I was truly amazed to see so many cultural and natural wonders at one time. As far as the Japanese-Chinese friendship is concerned, we have the responsibility to maintain it.”
　　The pictures on display at the exhibition were provided by Openings Magazine. From the end of May to early June, these pictures were exhibited in Austria and Greece and were highly acclaimed by the locals. The entire exhibition was comprised of three sections: Confucius’ Hometown, Sacred Mountain, and Charming Shandong. Prominence was given to making a display of the culture and scenery of Shandong.
　　On June 14, the photographic exhibition came to the second venue―Shimonoseki City, which is the largest city in Yamaguchi Prefecture. Among the distinguished guests attending the ribbon-cutting ceremony, one lady was very eye-catching. She was Ms. Akie, the wife of former Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe. Together with Ms. Akie was Mr. Hayashi Yoshimasa, former Minister of the National Defense Ministry of Japan and Secretary General of the Japan-China Friendship Alliance Council. It was said that it was rare in Shimonoseki City for distinguished public figures to cut the ribbons for an exhibition from foreign countries.
　　
　　When the Cultural Exhibition was held in Seoul, South Korea, Congressman Roh Chul Rae, Congressman Gu Sang Chan, and President of the Korea-China Economy Promotion Association attended the ribbon-cut ceremony.
　　The visit of the Shandong cultural delegation to Japan and South Korea attracted the attention of a large number of news media. Many of them, such as Yamaguchi TV Station, Yamaguchi Newspaper, Chinese Newspapers, TBS in Korea, Chinese Television Stations, Asian Economy Newspaper and Union Newspaper launched reports tracing the progress of the exhibition. Shandong TV Station and Openings Magazine from Shandong also sent reporters to follow and report on the exhibition.

　　Governor Sekinari Nii of Yamaguchi gave a special interview to Shandong’s news media. He expressed sincere congratulations on the successful exhibition and declared that Yamaguchi Prefecture would continue to strengthen cultural and economic communications with Shandong.
　　
　　When giving an interview, Mayor Yukio Shimazu of Shunan City expressed his opinion that the current financial crisis was a rare opportunity for the economic circles of China and Japan. Taking advantage of this opportunity, the Japanese enterprises should expand their investment in China to broaden the Chinese market. The Chinese enterprises, on the other hand, should launch large scale purchase of Japanese assets, technology and resources.
　　When the Shandong Cultural Delegation visited Mr. Yasuo Hayashi, President of the Japan External Trade Organization (JETRO), he said that before March 2009, JETRO was still making studies on how the Japanese enterprises would safely evacuate from China. However, a latest survey revealed that over 50 percent of the Japanese enterprises were of the opinion that under the situation of economic crisis, Japan should strengthen the cooperation with China and seize the commercial opportunities brought about by China’s 4,000 billion yuan of investment to promote domestic demand.
　　Duan Yijun, leader of the Shandong Cultural Delegation, said that the CPC Shandong Provincial Committee and the Shandong Provincial Government had initiated a proposal build up an economic and cultural powerhouse. Therefore, economy and culture were a union. The theme of this exhibition was “Confucius’ Hometown, Charming Shandong.” Therefore, the image symbol was Confucius. The Confucianism culture represented by Confucius had far-reaching influence worldwide. Therefore, for Shandong, availing itself of Confucius to introduce Shandong is a very convenient way. Through exhibiting Shandong’s historic culture and scenic sites, Shandong could achieve a wider scope of communication and cooperation.
　　In Shunan City, with a view to having a deeper understanding of Confucius and Shandong, the local government invited Li Jianjun, of the Shandong Cultural Delegation, to deliver a themed lecture with the title of Confucian Thinking and Shandong People. The Mayor of Shunan, councilors and many other guests together appreciated Confucian thinking through the lecture.

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