社区老年人群焦虑、抑郁现况调查及危险因素研究

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　　[摘要] 目的 了解上海市浦東新区某社区老人焦虑、抑郁现状，探讨老年人产生焦虑、抑郁的危险因素。方法 于2016年1月—2018年10月在浦东新区某社区随机抽取650名社区老人为研究对象。应用Zung’s焦虑自评量表（SAS）和Zung’s抑郁自评量表（SDS）对社区老年人进行焦虑、抑郁状况进行调查分析。结果 共调查628名社区老人，SAS平均分为（23.35±5.71）分，<50 分552名，占87.90%，≥50分76名，占12.10%;SDS平均分为（25.40±6.24）分，<50 分527名，占83.92%，≥50分101名，占16.08%。社区女性老人SAS得分高于男性，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。80岁组老人SDS得分明显高于60岁和70岁组老人，差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）。不同婚姻状况、不同月收入、是否与子女同住和不同疾病数量的老年人SAS得分差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;不同婚姻状况、不同受教育程度、不同医保情况、不同疾病数量的老年人SDS得分差异有统计学意义（P<0.01）;多因素Logistic回归结果显示，老人焦虑症状相关危险因素是性别、婚姻、月收入和疾病数量，老人抑郁症状相关危险因素是年龄、婚姻、受教育程度、医疗保险和疾病数量。结论 社区老人患有一定程度的焦虑、抑郁症状，老年人焦虑、抑郁发生的危险因素有性别、年龄、婚姻、受教育程度、月收入、医疗保险和慢性疾病数量。
　　[关键词] 老人;焦虑;抑郁;危险因素
　　[中图分类号] R749.4 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1672-5654（2019）10（a）-0183-04
　　Investigation on the Status of Anxiety and Depression in the Elderly in the Community and Risk Factors
　　ZHANG Li-yun， QIN Wei
　　Caolu Community Health Service Center， Pudong New Area， Shanghai， 201209 China
　　[Abstract] Objective To understand the status of anxiety and depression among the elderly in a community in Pudong New Area， Shanghai， and to explore the risk factors of anxiety and depression in the elderly. Methods From January 2016 to October 2018， a random sample of 650 community elderly in a community in Pudong New Area was selected as the research object. The Zung’s Anxiety Self-rating Scale （SAS） and the Zung’s Depression Self-Assessment Scale （SDS） were used to investigate the anxiety and depression of the elderly in the community. Results A total of 628 community elderly were surveyed. The SAS average score was （23.35±5.71） points， <50 points 552  people， accounting for 87.90%， ≥50 points and 76 people， accounting for 12.10%; SDS average score was （25.40±6.24）points，<50 points 527 people， accounting for 83.92%， ≥50 points 101 people， accounting for 16.08%. The SAS scores of the elderly women in the community were higher than those of the males， and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.01）. The SDS scores of the 80  years old group elderly were significantly higher than those of the 60 years old and 70  years old group elderly， and the difference was statistically significant（P<0.01）. There were significant differences in SAS scores among the elderly with different marital status， different monthly income， whether they lived with children and different diseases（P<0.01）; different marital status， different education levels， different medical insurance， different diseases of SDS scores of the elderly were statistically significant（P<0.01）. Multivariate logistic regression showed that the risk factors related to anxiety symptoms were gender， marriage， monthly income and disease number. The risk factors related to depressive symptoms in the elderly were age， marriage， education， health insurance and the number of diseases. Conclusion Community elderly have a certain degree of anxiety and depressive symptoms. The risk factors for anxiety and depression in the elderly are gender， age， marriage， education level， monthly income， medical insurance and chronic diseases.
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