癌症心理恐惧的心理治疗

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　　关键词： 癌症 恐惧 心理 治疗
　　
　　癌症是危害人类之大敌！是致人类死亡的头号杀手，而意志薄弱、内心恐惧是导致癌症难治和患者过早死亡的重要因素之一。几乎临床上所有的癌症患者都不同程度的存在着一定的心理方面的因素。而这些心理因素是导致癌症难治和患者有过早死亡的重要因素。因此癌症患者的心理治疗，对减轻癌症患者的心理恐惧，为临床治疗，延长癌症患者的生命周期，生活、生存质量的改善有着积极的意义。
　　1、心理恐惧的常见表现：
　　1.1 昏厥:当有些患者见到CT报告或其它检验报告证实自己患上了癌症时，会立即昏厥（昏死）过去，但不会就此立即死亡。
　　1.2 绝望：整天表现为频死状！好象死亡就在即日，内心极度恐惧！极度悲伤。
　　1.3 自暴自弃：不配合医生的治疗，甚至放弃治疗坐在家中等死。
　　1.4 行为怪异：自言自语，整天长吁短叹，老天爷啊，为什么我这么年轻为什么就患了这种不治之绝症。老天爷啊，为什么我这么年轻你就要我的命？厌食甚至绝食。
　　1.5 求生欲：比任何时候都觉得生命的宝贵！为了不想死，什么样的治疗都愿意接受，其中包括迷信，什么样的药物及食物都愿意吃。
　　2、心理恐惧的危害
　　2.1 早死！意志薄弱，内心恐惧的人一旦患上了癌症会迅速死亡！其生存期明显低于性格乐观、开朗的人。
　　2.2 不配合医生的治疗，使治疗难度加大。
　　2.3 乱投医，有些人患上癌症后不惜重金请高人、名医医治。不惜重金购买各种名贵药材、秘方、偏方来治疗。一些江湖人士趁机鼓吹自己有多么、多么的能干！手中有秘方，偏方可以治疗该病，要患者花重金去购买结果闹得一个人财两空的下场。
　　3、心理治疗
　　目前全世界在癌症的治疗上仍然没有较好的治疗方法，癌症仍
　　属于不治之症。因此人们只要一查出自己患上了癌症，普遍都会出现一定心理恐惧症状。只是每个人的心理承受力差异，症状轻重不一而已。因药物治疗效果的不佳！患者又普遍存在一定的心理障碍。因此心理治疗常在临床上使用，而且效果还较好。对延长患者的生命生活质量的改善起到了一定的作用。心理治疗在癌症患者的临床心理治疗中能起到较好的辅助作用。
　　4、治疗方法
　　4.1心释――方法：要患者每天以最悲伤的心理哭诉 20―30min。作用：可使患者悲伤、恐惧的气氛释放出来，以达到吐故纳新的作用。
　　4.2踏步――方法：要患者象运动员训练一样，每天原地踏步 30―40min.作用：一、可锻炼身体；二、可转移患者的思绪，忘记自己是一个癌症患者，以增强患者抗击癌症的信心。
　　4.3文娱――方法：每天要患者坚持下2――3小时象棋或围棋、桥牌等文化娱乐活动。作用：转移患者对疾病的注意力！忘记自己是一个癌症患者，放松心身，放松心情。
　　4.4电影、电视――方法：每天要患者看2――3小时的电影或电视，主要看苦难片、灾难片、战争片。作用：让患者知道在这个世界上还有比他们的疾病更苦难的事情，以分散他们对自己的疾病过份的关注，增强抗击自身疾病的信心。
　　4.5劳动――方法：把病人当作正常人，每天让患者进行适当的、力所能极的体力劳动。作用：可以减轻患者的心理恐惧。
　　4.6数数――方法：每天要强迫患者算一定数量的数字。
　　作用：数数是最能忘我的方法，可以让患者忘记一切烦恼，忘记自己的病痛，可以缓解患者的心理恐惧。
　　以上治疗方法要视每位患者的具体情况不同，有针对性的选择其中几项适合患者的方法进行治疗，切莫蛮干，病入膏肓者切莫采用劳动法。
　　
　　Treatment for Patients’ Fear of Cancer
　　Authors:
　　1. Fan Zhihua, Hangzhou Fan Zhihua Medical Technology Development Co. Ltd, 310012
　　2. Chen Shaoyan, Hangzhou Qianjiang Hospital
　　3. Xu Jianbin, Department of Pathology Research, Fuzhou Medical College of Nanchang University
　　4. Zhao Wenqiang, No.2 Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine of Nanchang
　　
　　Keywords: Cancer fear treatment
　　Cancer is a scourge to mankind, which is also the No. 1 killer. Weak mind and fear can make cancers more difficult to cure and will lead to premature deaths. Almost every cancer patient can suffer from psychological problems. Therefore, psycho treatment is very important for a cancer patient, which can alleviate their fear, improve their life quality, and extend their lives.
　　1. Common signs of fear
　　1.1 Fainting: When some patients see their CT report or other inspection reports, which confirm their cancer, they can immediately faint away (get a coma), but will not pass away at that time.
　　1.2 Despair: Some patients act like they were on the brink of death, as if they were suffering from impending death. Their heart is full of fear and sadness.
　　1.3 Self abandon: some patients don’t do under the doctors’ instructions. Some of them even give up their medical treatment and go back home, awaiting death.
　　1.4 Strange behavior: some patients will talk to himself and sigh all day, and say “Ah God, why it was me to suffer from such an incurable disease? Ah God, why you have to take my life at such a young age?” They may get anorexia and even refuse to eat anything.
　　1.5 Will for survival: some patients may think that life is more precious than any time before! They have strong will for survival. They would resort to any treatment, including superstitious means and whatever food and medicine.
　　2. The harmfulness of fear
　　2.1 Premature death! Weak-minded people who are full of fear would have a rapid death. Their lives are significantly shorter than those optimistic and resilient patients.
　　2.2 Some patients with fear don’t follow the doctors’ instructions, which makes treatments more difficult.
　　2.3 Some patients will try anything when they get cancer. They will spare no expense on doctors, rare herbs, nostrums, and folk remedies. Some quacks often take this opportunity to advertise themselves. They claim that they have secret recipes which can cure cancer. Actually, in most cases it ends that the patients spend a lot of money, and still die.
　　3. Psycho treatments
　　Currently, there is no good ways worldwide to cure cancer, and cancer remains incurable. Once people confirm that they get cancer, they would show certain level of fear. Due to patients’ different psychological quality, their sympotoms also vary from person to person. Sometimes drug therapy don’t work, and psychologcial problems often afflict the patients. Therefore, psycho treatment is often applied to clinical treatment. And it really works. Psycho treatment can improve patients’ life quality and extend their lives. It can play an auxiliary role in the clinical treatment of cancer patients.
　　4. Treatment
　　4.1 Releasing method: Let cancer patients sob out their despair and sadness for 20-30 mins every day. Function: It enables patients to release their sadness and fear. Thus they can get rid of the negative thinkings and take in positive ones.
　　4.2 Stepping Method: Let patients mark time for 30-40 mins a day, like training of athletes. Function: First, it can build up the body; Second, it can distract the patients’ attention, and let them forget they are cancer patients. Thus boost their faith in fighting against cancer.
　　 4.3 Entertainment Method: Patients are advised to play chess, the game of go, or bridge etc. for 2-3 hours a day. Function: it can distract the patients’ attention and let them relax their mind and body, thus they can forget they are cancer patients.
　　 4.4 Film and TV Methods: Patients are advised to watch TV or films for 2 - 3 hours a day. They can choose some disaster and war Films. Function: Such films can indicate the patients that in this world there are more miserable things than their diseases. Thus, it can distract their attention and boost their faith to fight against disease.
　　 4.5 Work Method: Treat patients as normal people. And let them do some physical work. Function: it can alleviate patients’ fear.
　　 4.6 Counting Method: Make patients count numbers every day. Function: Counting numbers is the most effective way to forget oneself. It can allow patients forget all the troubles and pains they have and thus ease their psychological fear.
　　 The above treatments should be applied to patients depending on their real situation. You can choose some treatments from the list. Don’t work recklessly. For those who are on the danger list, don’t use work method.

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