不同砧木对沃柑树体及果实品质的影响

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　　摘要：【目的】探究不同砧木对沃柑树体及果实品质的影响，为筛选沃柑适宜的砧木提供理论依据。【方法】采取长期定位试验，分别对嫁接在酸橘、枳、资阳香橙砧木上的沃柑树体和果实品质进行持续（2016—2018年）对比研究，分析其树体指标（树高、挂果数量和冠幅）、果实外观指标（单果重、果实横径和纵径、果型指数、果皮厚度、可食率）及生理指标（固酸比及维生素C、可溶性固形物、柠檬酸和总糖的含量）的变化。【结果】与枳砧沃柑相比，酸橘砧沃柑呈现出生长势强、树冠高大等特点，但随着生长期的延长，与资阳香橙砧嫁接树树势无显著差异（P>0.05，下同）;枳砧沃柑初果期挂果最多，表现出早结丰产的自身特性;枳砧沃柑在初果期各项果实生理指标含量均高于酸橘和资阳香橙砧沃柑，但进入盛果期后，3种不同砧木沃柑果實的生理指标无显著差异。【结论】资阳香橙砧沃柑初果期表现中等，但进入盛果期后，果实品质好，且能够持续稳产;从沃柑持续稳产优质角度出发，资阳香橙是桂南地区沃柑主产区的理想砧木。
　　关键词： 沃柑;砧木;树体;果实品质;影响
　　中图分类号： S666.1                                 文献标志码： A 文章编号：2095-1191（2019）02-0338-06
　　Abstract：【Objective】The effects of different rootstocks on tree body and fruit quality of Orah were researched in order to provide theoretical basis for screening suitable rootstocks of Orah. 【Method】A continuous（2016-2018） comparative experiment on tree body and fruit quality of Orah on Citrus reticulata Blanco， Poncirus trifoliate Raf and C. junos Sieb. ex Tanaka was conducted.The variation of tree body indexes（plant height， number of fruit and crown width）， fruit appea-rance indexes（single fruit weight， fruit transverse diameter， fruit longitudinal diameter， fruit shape index， pericarp thickness and edible rate） and physiological indexes（solid-acid ratio， vitamin C， soluble solid， citric acid and total sugar content） were analyzed. 【Result】Compared with the Orah with P. trifoliate Raf as rootstock， the growth potential of Orah with C. reticulata Blanco was stronger and the crown was taller， but with the extension of growth period， there was no significant difference between the grafted trees of C. reticulata Blanco and that of C. junos Sieb. ex Tanaka（P>0.05， the same below）. Orah on P. trifoliate Raf had the largest number of fruit at the initial fruit stage， showing its own characteristics of early-bearing and high-yielding. The contents of physiological indexes in fruits of Orah on P. trifoliate Raf were higher than those of C. reticulata Blanco and Citrus junos Sieb. ex Tanaka rootstocks in the early fruiting stage. However， there was no significant difference in physiological indexes among the three rootstocks at the peak fruit stage. 【Conclusion】The rootstock of C. junos Sieb. ex Tanaka on Oral has medium performance at the initial fruit stage， but it has good fruit quality and can sustain stable yield when it reaches the peak fruit stage. C. junos Sieb. ex Tanaka is a suitable rootstock in the main producing area of south Guangxi from the perspective of continuous stable yield and high quality.
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