您好, 访客   登录/注册
  •  > 中国论文网 > 
  • 政治论文  > 
  • 不同壮数温针灸联合祛风通痹汤对膝骨性关节炎患者关节腔积液的影响

不同壮数温针灸联合祛风通痹汤对膝骨性关节炎患者关节腔积液的影响

来源:用户上传      作者:

  摘要 目的:探討不同壮数温针灸联合祛风通痹汤对膝骨性关节炎(KOA)患者关节腔积液的影响。方法:选取2015年3月至2018年4月潍坊医学院附属医院收治的KOA患者123例作为研究对象,根据温针灸壮数不同将患者分为A、B、C 3组,每组41例。3组患者均采用温针灸联合祛风通痹汤治疗,A组患者采用1壮温针灸,B组患者采用2壮温针灸,C组患者采用3壮温针灸,3组患者均连续温针灸治疗4周。比较3组患者治疗前后患膝关节腔积液深度及分级,评价治疗前后膝关节功能及功能障碍程度。结果:与治疗前比较,治疗后3组患者患膝关节腔积液深度均明显减小,且B、C组明显小于A组(P<0.05),B、C 2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后B、C组患膝关节腔积液Ⅰ级患者比例及3组Ⅱ级患者比例均明显增加,且B、C组患膝关节腔积液Ⅰ级患者比例明显高于A组(P<0.05),B、C 2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组Ⅲ级比例均明显降低(P<0.05),但3组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与治疗前比较,治疗后3组患者Lysholm及JOA各项评分均明显升高(P<0.05),且B、C组明显高于A组(P<0.05),B、C 2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:温针灸联合祛风通痹汤可有效促进KOA患者关节腔内积液吸收,改善患者膝关节功能,但不同壮数温针灸临床疗效不同,二壮、三壮温针灸临床疗效明显优于一壮温针灸,根据最优化及节约成本原则,建议临床优选二壮作为施灸壮数。
  关键词 膝骨性关节炎;温针灸;壮数;祛风通痹汤;关节腔积液;膝关节功能
  Effects of Different Number of Cones Needle Warming Moxibustion Combined with Qufeng Tongbi Decoction on Arthroedema in Patients with Knee Osteoarthritis
  Song Wenhua1,Zhang Kongyan2,Zhang Yongqiang1,Tan Qi1,Li Zhen1,Yang Lei1,Liu Guangjun3
  (1 Department of Orthopaedics,Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University,Weifang 261042,China; 2 Department of Geriatric,Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University,Chengde 067000,China; 3 Department of Orthopaedics,The 89th Hospital of the Chinese People′s Liberation Army,Weifang 261000,China)
  Abstract Objective:To explore the effects of different number of cones needle warming moxibustion combined with Qufeng Tongbi Decoction on arthroedema in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA).Methods:A total of 123 cases of KOA patients in Affiliated Hospital of Weifang Medical University from March 2015 to April 2018 were elected and divided into 3 groups of A,B,C,with 41 cases in each group.The patients of 3 groups were treated with needle warming moxibustion combined with Qufeng Tongbi Decoction.The patients in group A were treated with needle warming moxibustion with one cone,the patients in group B were treated with needle warming moxibustion with two cones,and the patients in group C were treated with needle warming moxibustion with three cones.The 3 groups of patients were continuously treated with needle warming moxibustion for 4 weeks.The depth and grade of arthroedema before and after treatment in 3 groups of patients were compared,and the knee joint function and the degree of dysfunction before and after treatment of 2 groups were evaluated.Results:Compared with before treatment,the depth of arthroedema significantly reduced in 3 groups after treatment,B,C groups was significantly smaller than group A (P<0.01),and there was no statistical difference between group B and C (P>0.05); the proportion of patients with grade I of arthroedema of B,C groups and grade II of 3 groups significant increased after treatment,and the proportion of patients with grade I of arthroedema of B,C groups was significantly higher than that of group A (P<0.05 or P<0.01),and there was no statistical difference between group B and C (P>0.05); the proportion of grade III in 3 groups significantly decreased (P<0.01),but there was no statistical difference between 3 groups (P>0.05).Compared with before treatment,the scores of Lysholm and JOA in 3 groups after treatment significantly increased (P<0.01),and the group B and group C were significantly higher than group A (P<0.05 or P<0.01).There was no statistical difference between group B and C (P>0.05).Conclusion:Needle warming moxibustion combined with Qufeng Tongbi Decoction can effectively promote absorption of arthroedema in patients with KOA,improve knee joint function.However,the efficacy of different number of cones needle warming moxibustion has different clinical effects,and the clinical efficacy of needle warming moxibustion with two and three cones are obviously superior to needle warming moxibustion with one cone.It is recommended to prefer two cones as giving moxibustion according to the principle of optimization and cost-saving.   Key Words Knee osteoarthritis; Needle warming moxibustion; Cones; Qufeng Tongbi Decoction; Arthroedema; Knee joint function
  中图分类号:R274.3;R245.3文献标识码:Adoi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-7202.2019.04.050
  膝骨性关节炎(Knee Osteoarthritis,KOA)是由关节软骨退行性病变或骨质增生引起的退行性、慢性关节疾病,中老年女性人群发病率较高,以关节功能障碍、软骨下骨质硬化及肌肉萎缩无力为主要特征,患者主要表现为膝关节进行性疼痛、僵硬,若治疗不及时可发展至关节功能缺如,致残率较高,严重影响患者生命质量[1]。关节腔积液是KOA常见并发症之一,症状易反复、缠绵难愈,治疗更为棘手,采用非甾体类抗炎药及糖皮质激素等对症处理,虽可缓解患者疼痛,但对患者关节功能的改善作用甚微,且存在明显的不良反应[2]。温针灸有活血通络、温经散寒之功效,近些年,温针灸联合药物治疗模式成为KOA常用的治疗手段[3]。研究[4]显示,不同壮数温针灸对KOA临床疗效有一定影响。本研究旨在探讨不同壮数温针灸联合祛风通痹汤对KOA患者关节腔积液的影响。现将结果报道如下。
  1 资料与方法
  1.1 一般资料 选取2015年3月至2018年4月潍坊医学院附属医院收治的KOA患者123例作为研究对象,根据温针灸壮数不同将患者分为A、B、C 3组,每组41例。A组中男17例,女24例;平均年龄(53.3±4.4)岁;平均病程(4.3±1.3)年;单膝26例,双膝15例。B组中男15例,女26例;平均年龄(51.5±3.7)岁;平均病程(4.1±1.7)年;单膝23例,双膝18例。C组中男19例,女22例;平均年龄(52.7±3.3)岁;平均病程(4.4±1.2)年;单膝24例,双膝17例。3组一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究经潍坊医学院医学伦理委员会审批同意[伦理审批号:鲁(审)2015-0302]。
  1.2 诊断标准 符合美国风湿病学会制订的KOA诊断标准[5]及《中医病症诊断疗效标准》[6]中相关诊断标准。
  1.3 纳入标准 年龄40~75岁;彩色多普勒超声检查示关节腔积液者;可耐受针灸治疗者;签署知情同意书者。
  1.4 排除标准 有膝关节手术史者;合并类风湿性关节炎者;膝关节畸形者;凝血系统功能障碍者;心、脑、肾等重要脏器严重功能障碍者。
  1.5 治疗方法 3组患者均采用温针灸联合祛风通痹汤治疗,组方:薏苡仁、鹿衔草各30 g,泽泻、猪苓、淫羊藿、桂枝、桃仁、红花、当归、黄芪各15 g,独活10 g,制川乌、附子9 g,全蝎2 g,蜈蚣1条,甘草9 g。水煎服,每日1剂,分早晚2次温服。寒者加细辛、制川乌(先煎)各5 g;疼痛甚者加红花、地龙各10 g;气血两虚者加当归、川芎各10 g。连续服用4周。温针灸治疗如下:患者取坐位,膝关节自然屈曲90°。取穴:患侧外膝眼、内膝眼、足三里3处。操作方法:消毒针刺穴位,采用华佗牌一次性针灸针(0.30 mm×50 mm),外膝眼透向内上方、内膝眼透向外上方、针刺足三里方向与表面皮肤垂直,进针深度1.5~1.8寸以达关节腔内为宜,采用提插捻转平补平泻手法,患者出现酸麻胀感或医者针下得氣为宜。随后于3处穴位针柄上各插一20 mm×20 mm的艾炷,与表面皮肤距离2.0~3.0 cm,点燃艾炷(注意用硬纸片隔垫以防烫伤),留针40 min,除去燃尽后的艾灰,即完成1壮温针灸。A组患者采用一壮温针灸,B组患者采用二壮温针灸,C组患者采用三壮温针灸,3组患者均连续温针灸治疗4周。
  1.6 观察指标 采用超声监测并比较3组患者治疗前后患膝关节腔积液情况(以积液深度表示),并采用Walther积液分级标准评估2组患者治疗前后患膝关节腔积液分级,Ⅰ级表示无积液,Ⅳ级表示关节腔积液非常明显,积液深度≥10 mm。采用日本骨科协会(JOA)评分评估3组患者治疗前后膝关节功能障碍程度,主要包括临床体征(6分)、主观症状(9分)及日常活动受限度(14分)3项,各项评分越低,提示患者膝关节功能障碍越严重。采用Lysholm膝关节评分量表评估3组患者治疗前后膝关节功能[7],该量表主要包括不稳定感(25分)、疼痛(25分)、绞锁(15分)、上楼(10分)、肿胀(10分)、下蹲(5分)、跛行(5分)、支持(5分)8项,各项评分越高,提示膝关节功能越好。
  1.7 统计学方法 采用SPSS 20.0统计软件对数据进行分析,计数资料以率(%)表示,采用χ2检验;计量资料以均数标准差(±s)表示,采用t检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
  2 结果
  2.1 2组患者治疗前后患膝关节腔积液深度及分级比较 与治疗前比较,治疗后3组患者患膝关节腔积液深度均明显减小,且B、C组明显小于A组(P<0.01),B、C 2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后B、C组患膝关节腔积液Ⅰ级患者比例及3组Ⅱ级患者比例均明显增加,且B、C组患膝关节腔积液Ⅰ级患者比例明显高于A组(P<0.05或P<0.01),B、C 2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);3组Ⅲ级比例均明显降低(P<0.01),但3组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表1。
  2.2 2组患者治疗前后JOA评分比较 与治疗前比较,治疗后3组患者临床体征、主观症状及日常活动受限度评分均明显升高(P<0.01),且B、C组明显高于A组(P<0.05或P<0.01),B、C 2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表2。   2.3 2组患者治疗前后Lysholm评分比较 与治疗前比较,治疗后3组患者Lysholm各项评分均明显升高,且B、C组明显高于A组(P<0.01),B、C 2组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表3。
  3 讨论
  对于KOA合并关节腔积液的患者,关节腔穿刺抽液仅为对症治疗,并不能从根本上去除诱因,积液可反复发生,且积液深度>10 mm时,关节腔穿刺抽液很难将积液抽吸出来。中医认为KOA属“骨痹”“痹证”等范畴,古语有云:“风寒湿三气杂至,合而为痹”“膝痛无有不因肝肾虚者”“风寒湿三气杂至,合而为痹”“病在骨,骨重不可举,骨髓酸痛,寒气至,名骨痹”及“皆因体虚,腆理空疏,受风寒湿气而成痹也”,均提示肝肾亏虚是基础,风寒湿是骨痹的主要病因,因此,应以温经通络、补肝益肾、祛风散寒为治则[8]。本研究所用的祛风通痹汤方中薏苡仁有健脾除湿、祛风通痹之功;泽泻、猪苓利水渗湿;鹿衔草、淫羊藿、桂枝温补元阳;附子、制川乌可温经络,散寒凝,且有明显的止痛功效;桃仁、红花、当归、黄芪可益气活血化瘀,祛瘀止痛;独活祛风止痛;全蝎、蜈蚣可走窜经络,濡养筋脉关节,有解痉止痛之功;甘草调和诸药;诸药共用,共奏温经活络、祛湿散寒、活血化瘀、祛风止痛之功[9-10]。
  现代药理学研究显示,温针灸膝周穴位可加速局部血液循环,改善局部气血运行,养气补血则筋络濡养,针刺热量直达膝关节腔病灶,促进关节腔内积液吸收,缓解疼痛、僵直、酸麻等临床症状,对KOA合并关节腔积液的患者具有较好的临床疗效[11-12]。但温针灸的量效关系并非随着灸时的延长、灸量的增加,疗效就越好,其灸时、灸量均有一个最佳临界值,超过该临界值后,即便灸时延长、灸量增加,临床疗效也并不会产生明显变化。本研究比较了一壮、二壮、三壮温针灸对KOA患者关节腔积液的影响,旨在为临床温针灸治疗选择最优施灸壮数提供指导,结果显示,治疗后3组患者患膝关节腔积液深度均明显小于治疗前,且B、C组明显小于A组,B、C 2组间差异无统计学意义;治疗后B、C组患膝关节腔积液Ⅰ级患者比例及3组Ⅱ级患者比例均明显增加,且B、C组明显高于A组,B、C 2组间差异无统计学意义。提示温针灸联合祛风通痹汤可有效促进KOA合并关节腔积液的患者关节腔内积液吸收,二壮、三壮温针灸的临床疗效明显优于一壮温针灸。针灸内、外膝眼可疏通经络,对缓解疼痛有明显的效果;温针灸足三里可温阳益气、健脾养胃,加强局部活血祛瘀、温经散寒作用,体现“寒者热之”的治疗原则,温针灸以上3处穴位可产生明显的祛风除湿、温经散寒、通经止痛的功效,尤其适用于KOA之痹证,明显改善KOA患者膝关节功能[13-14]。Lysholm及JOA评分量表是评价膝关节功能及膝关节功能障碍程度较为常用的量表,其可靠性、有效性及敏感性均已被证实,且可重复性强[15]。本研究结果显示,与治疗前比较,治疗后3组患者Lysholm及JOA各项评分均明显升高,且B、C组明显高于A组,B、C 2组间差异无统计学意义。提示温针灸联合祛风通痹汤可有效减轻KOA合并关节腔积液的患者膝关节功能障碍程度,改善患者膝关节功能,且二壮、三壮温针灸对膝关节功能的改善效果明显优于一壮温针灸。
  综上所述,温针灸联合祛风通痹汤可有效促进KOA患者关节腔内积液吸收,改善患者膝关节功能,但不同壮数温针灸临床疗效不同,二壮、三壮温针灸临床疗效明显优于一壮温针灸,根据最优化及节约成本原则,建议临床优选二壮作为施灸壮数。
  参考文献
  [1]吕顺,周军杰,谢晓涛,等.独活寄生汤治疗膝骨关节炎机制研究及临床应用[J].环球中医药,2015,8(9):1149-1152.
  [2]杨顺刚,江川,顾鑫锋,等.糖皮质激素与透明质酸钠序贯性治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的疗效比较[J].中国骨与关节损伤杂志,2015,30(10):1052-1054.
  [3]敖日格勒.中西医结合治疗膝骨性关节炎的疗效观察[J].中医药信息,2013,30(1):85-86.
  [4]叶国平,苏美玲,吴明霞,等.不同壮数温针灸对膝骨性关节炎疗效及关节腔积液的影响[J].中华中医药杂志,2017,32(9):4312-4316.
  [5]Singh AK,Kalaivani M,Krishnan A,et al.Prevalence of Osteoarthritis of Knee Among Elderly Persons in Urban Slums Using American College of Rheumatology(ACR)Criteria[J].J Clin Diagn Res,2014,8(9):JC09-11.
  [6]國家中医药管理局.中医病证诊断疗效标准[S].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2012:48-49.
  [7]Swanenburg J,Koch PP,Meier N,et al.Function and activity in patients with knee arthroplasty:validity and reliability of a German version of the Lysholm Score and the Tegner Activity Scale[J].Swiss Med Wkly,2014,144:w13976.
  [8]任树军,任明辉,张秀华,等.针刺配合口服仙灵骨葆胶囊治疗膝骨性关节炎合并骨质疏松的回顾性分析[J].中医药学报,2016,44(5):120-122.
  [9]甘琳.自拟祛风活络通痹汤治疗类风湿关节炎的疗效观察[J].临床合理用药杂志,2016,9(15):93-94.
  [10]覃敏.温针灸联合祛风通痹汤治疗风湿寒性关节痛随机平行对照研究[J].实用中医内科杂志,2015,29(10):170-172.
  [11]王晓玲,王芗斌,侯美金,等.温针灸治疗膝骨关节炎:随机对照研究[J].中国针灸,2017,37(5):457-462.
  [12]高小博.温针灸治疗膝关节骨性关节炎的临床随机对照研究[J].智慧健康,2019,5(8):123-124,127.
  [13]任景,李涛,于苗,等.针灸联合独活寄生汤治疗膝关节骨性关节炎疗效观察及对微炎性反应指标的影响[J].世界中医药,2016,11(10):2113-2115,2119.
  [14]戚耀,苏同生,杨改琴.温针灸治疗膝骨性关节炎临床疗效观察[J].陕西中医,2016,37(4):490-491.
  [15]Kocher MS,Steadman JR,Briggs KK,et al.Reliability,validity,and responsiveness of the Lysholm knee scale for various chondral disorders of the knee[J].J Bone Joint Surg Am,2004,86-A(6):1139-1145.
转载注明来源:https://www.xzbu.com/1/view-14789300.htm