浅析定语从句高考攻略

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　　【摘 要】定语从句的用法较为复杂，涉及到句法功能、时态、常见结构、词语辨析等方面，是历年高考英语命题的热点之一，因此，教师必须要求学生熟练掌握并能灵活运用。
　　【关键词】定语从句；词语辨析；句法功能
　　【中图分类号】 G 633.41【文献标识码】C 【文章编号】 1671-1270(2009)2-0125-01
　　
　　定语从句的用法较为复杂，涉及到句法功能、时态、常见结构、词语辨析等方面，是历年高考英语命题的热点之一，为了能熟练掌握并运用该项内容，现将其用法分述如下：
　　
　　一、 关系代词引导定语从句
　　
　　who指人，在定语从句中作主语
　　The child who is playing football there comes from Greece.
　　Those who want to go to the museum must be at the school gate at 7:00 tomorrow morning.
　　注意：先行词those指人时，通常不用that，用who引导定语从句。
　　whom指人，在定语从句中做宾语，常可省略
　　Our Chinese teacher is the person (whom ) you talked with under the tree yesterday.
　　Li Ming is the right boy (whom) I want to meet.
　　注意：关系代词whom 在口语或非正式文体中常可用who 来代替，也可省略。
　　which指物，在定语从句中做主语或宾语，做宾语时常可省略
　　The film (which) the students all went to see last week is not interesting at all.
　　that 指人时，相当于who 或whom；指物时，相当于which。它在定语从句中作主语或宾语，作宾语时常可省略
　　The student that /whom you introduced to me is a hard-working one.
　　Last week I received a wonderful postcard that/ which came from the USA.
　　whose 通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语
　　He lives in the house whose door opens to the south.
　　注意：指物时，常用下列结构来代替：
　　We study in the building whose windows were painted green last month.
　　=We study in the building the windows of which were painted green last month.
　　
　　二、 “介词+关系代词” 引导的定语从句
　　
　　关系代词在定语从句中作介词宾语时，从句常常由“介词+关系代词”引出。
　　 The school (which/that) he once studied in is very famous.
　　=The school in which he once studied is very famous.
　　We’ll go to hear the famous singer (that/whom /who)wehave been talking about these days.
　　=We’ll go to hear the famous singer about whom we have been talking these days.
　　注意：
　　定语从句中谓语是含介词的短语动词，短语动词的各个固定的部分不要拆开。
　　如：wait for ,look after ,pay attention to ,look forward to 等。
　　This is the watch which/that they are looking for.
　　当介词放在关系代词前
　　关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可用who, that；关系代词指物时可用which，不可用that。关系代词是所有格时用whose。
　　The man with whom you played just now is my neighbour.
　　“介词+关系代词”
　　还可有some, any, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each, few等代词或者数词。
　　They have five brothers and sisters, three of whom all work in Beijing.
　　
　　三、关系副词引导的定语从句
　　
　　when指时间
　　在定语从句中作时间状语。
　　I never forget that day when we first came to this school.
　　where 指地点
　　在定语从句中作地点状语。
　　This is the room where the great man once lived.
　　why指原因
　　在定语从句中作原因状语。
　　He told me the reason why he hadn’t come to take the examination.
　　注意：引导定语从句的关系副词经常可以用“介词+关系代词”来代替，其中关系代词只能用which。
　　This is the farm on which (=where) they once worked1.
　　The reason for which(=why)he didn’t accept the invitation is very clear now.
　　
　　四、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
　　
　　在形式上
　　非限制性定语从句的主、从句要用逗号隔开；限制性定语从句却不需要。
　　在意义上
　　限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的定语，若是删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整；而非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明，若是删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。
　　在关联词运用上
　　①表示物时，限制性定语从句可用that,或是which；而非限制性定语从句只能用which；② 作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略；而非限制性定语从句中不能省略。③ 在限制性定语从句中可用who代替whom；而非限制性定语从句中不能这样用。

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