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  • 丹参川芎联合骨瓜或骨肽对糖尿病骨质疏松患者糖代谢和骨代谢的影响

丹参川芎联合骨瓜或骨肽对糖尿病骨质疏松患者糖代谢和骨代谢的影响

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  摘要 目的:探討在丹参川芎治疗基础上,结合骨瓜或骨肽应用于糖尿病骨质疏松症对糖代谢、骨代谢作用价值。方法:选取2016年3月至2017年9月湖北省黄石市第二医院受诊的糖尿病骨质疏松症患者253例作为研究对象。将应用丹参川芎结合骨瓜治疗的128例归为骨瓜组,将予以丹参川芎结合骨肽治疗的125例归为骨肽组,分析2组糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、空腹血糖(FBG)N-端中段骨钙素(N-MID-OT)、骨特异性碱性磷酸酶(BAP),骨形态发生蛋白-2(BMP-2),骨钙素(BBGP)。骨密度(BMD),甲状旁腺素(PTH)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP),β-胶原特殊序列(β-CTx),并比较药物安全性。结果:1)骨瓜组糖代谢HbA1c(7.41±0.64)%、钙离子(2.21±0.28)mmol/L、FBG(6.12±0.59)mmol/L、血磷(1.42±0.25)mmol/L在治疗后与骨肽组HbA1c(7.79±0.51)%、钙离子(2.27±0.33)mmol/L、FBG(6.37±0.83)mmol/L、血磷(1.35±0.31)mmol/L差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);2)骨肽组N-MID-OT(16.37±2.83)ng/mL和骨瓜组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),BAP(142.26±10.66)μg/L、BGP(5.07±1.32)μg/L显著低于骨瓜组,BMP-2(86.35±6.24)ng/L显著高于骨瓜组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);3)骨肽组BMD(0.57±0.13)g/cm3显著高于骨瓜组,PTH(32.26±2.15)pg/mL、ALP(72.35±5.19)U/L显著低于骨瓜组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),β-CTx(0.39±0.02)ng/mL和骨瓜组(0.42±0.04)ng/mL差异无统计学意义著(P>0.05);4)骨瓜组不良反应率(3.13%)显著低于骨肽组(9.60%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:对于糖尿病骨质疏松症的治疗,基于丹参川芎,增加注射用骨肽比较注射用骨瓜提取物,更能促进患者多项骨代谢指标、血清生化指标及BMD的恢复,二者具有相似的调节糖代谢的作用,但骨肽不良反应相对较高,临床上应结合患者实际情况进行药物的选择。
  关键词 丹参;川芎;糖尿病骨质疏松;骨瓜;骨肽;糖代谢;骨代谢;骨密度;糖化血红蛋白
  Abstract Objective:To explore the effects of Salvia Rhizoma Miltiorrhiza and Rhizoma Chuanxiong combined with bone melon or Ossotide on glucose metabolism and bone metabolism in patients with diabetic osteoporosis.Methods:From March 2016 to September 2017,253 diabetic patients with osteoporosis treated in The Second Hospital of Huangshi were selected as the study object.The bone melon group included 128 cases treated with Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae and Rhizoma Chuanxiong,combined with bone melon.The ossotide group included 125 cases treated with Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae and Rhizoma Chuanxiong,combined with ossotide.The fluctuation of bone metabolism,glucose metabolism and other related biochemical indexes were analyzed before and after treatment.The drug safety was also compared.Results:1)After the treatment,there was no significant difference in glucose metabolism(HbA1c(7.41±0.64)%,Ca(2.21±0.28)mmol/L,FBG(6.12±0.59)mmol/L,P(1.42±0.25)mmol/L,HbA1c(7.79±0.51)%,Ca(2.27±0.33)mmol/L,FBG(6.37±0.83)mmol/L,P(1.35±0.31)mmol/L)between the bone melon group and the ossotide group(P>0.05);2)There was no significant difference in N-MID-OT(16.37±2.83)ng/mL between the ossotide group and the bone melon group(P>0.05),while BAP(142.26±10.66)μg/L,BGP(5.07±1.32)μg/L of the ossotide group were significantly lower than that of the bone melon group,and BMP-2(86.35±6.24)ng/L significantly higher than that of the bone melon group(P<0.05);3)The BMD(0.57±0.13)g/cm3 of the ossotide group was significantly higher than that of the bone melon group,while PTH(32.26±2.15)pg/mL,ALP(72.35±5.19)U/L were significantly lower than that of the bone melon group(P<0.05); there was no significant difference in β-CTx between the ossotide group(0.39±0.02)ng/mL and the bone melon group(0.42±0.04)ng/mL(P>0.05).4)The adverse reaction rate of the bone melon group(3.13%)was lower than that of the ossotide group(9.60%)(P<0.05).Conclusion:For the treatment based on Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae and Rhizoma Chuanxiong on patients with diabetic osteoporosis,compared to bone melon,the ossotide injection can improve multiple indexes of bone metabolism,serum biochemical indexes and BMD.Both have similar effects in regulating glucose metabolism,but the side effects of ossotide are relatively higher,so it is preferred to select drugs according to individual conditions.   2.4 2组患者不良反应比较 骨瓜组不良反应率小于骨肽组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表5。
  3 讨论
  糖尿病作为代谢性疾病的一种,主要是受到胰岛素分泌缺陷诱发的,表现是慢性血糖水平增高,而骨质疏松主要表现为骨形成降低,吸收增加,受到骨量降低影响,会造成骨组织微结构破坏,继而形成代谢性骨病,骨折风险大大增加。而糖尿病患者受到胰岛素异常,以及肥胖等因素影响,尤其是胰岛素缺乏,会造成骨吸收与骨形成失调,加重骨质疏松病情[6-8]。因此,糖尿病骨质疏松症是临床上的常见病。对于本病治疗应从调节糖代谢水平,增加骨量,促进骨代谢平衡等方面着手。
  本研究结果显示,骨肽组与骨瓜组在提升血清血磷浓度,降低FBG、钙离子、HbA1c水平方面均具有相似的治疗效果。这其中可能存在的机制是当患者处于高血糖状态时,会有剩余的葡萄糖通过尿液排出,形成渗透性利尿,从而使钙、磷排泄量增大,影响肾小管对钙、磷的重吸收,造成患者血钙、血磷水平下降[9-11],本研究结果与其相似,证实了2种药物治疗方案均对多项糖代谢指标有良好调节作用。
  临床上常用骨代谢BMP-2、BAP、N-MID-OT、BGP等指标作为骨质疏松症的诊断指标,或用于评价骨折的风险性,其中BMP-2具有诱导间充质细胞分化的作用,使其形成骨、韧带、神经等组织;BAP能够释放出较多ALP,当机体肝胆系统正常时,ALP上升多代表骨代谢增加,而ALP上升水平往往与骨质疏松程度成正比,因此BAP上升提示骨质疏松较为严重;N-MID-OT是一种不稳定的完整骨钙素结构,在进入血浆后,可快速溶液成N-MID片段,是重要的骨形成指标之一;BGP作为常见的骨代谢标志物,可反映骨细胞活性,在糖尿病骨质疏松症中,表达量增加[12-14]。本研究发现,2组N-MID-OT表达差异无显著,骨肽组在提升BMP-2,降低BGP、BAP方面有显著优势。通过观察其他骨质疏松相关指标PTH、β-CTx、BMD、ALP,结果显示,骨肽组在提高BMD,降低PTH、ALP方面均有良好效果,与骨瓜组差异有统计学意义。
  糖尿病骨质疏松在中医学理论中常归为“消渴”“骨痿”“腰腿痛”等范畴。中医学认为其病因和肾主骨生髓相关,《丹溪心法》中有言曰:“消肾,肾虚受之,腰膝枯细,骨节酸疼”[15]。故本病病机是阴虚燥热、气无以载,即以消渴病为基础,形成气阴两虚。气虚无以运血,形成血流不畅,运行受阻,血不归经,阻滞结聚,导致瘀团血块。瘀血加重了脏腑虚衰,使精微不布,继而形成“骨不坚”。因此,临床上以气滞血瘀、气阴两虚为治疗糖尿病骨质疏松的主要原则。丹参有活血祛瘀,通经止痛的作用,川芎具有行气开郁、祛瘀活血的作用,而丹参川芎嗪注射液主要由这2种成分构成,在扩张冠状动脉,抗血小板聚集等方面有良好效果[16]。骨瓜提取物从甜瓜与猪四肢骨中提取合成的一类药物,主要成分是多种游离氨基酸、促进骨代谢的活性肽类、有机钙、磷离子以及甜瓜提取物等,在改善骨形成,加强骨吸收,促进多肽类骨代谢因子平衡方面有一定效果[17]。注射用骨肽主要成分是来自于动物组织的多肽类活性物质,同时富有有机钙、影响骨代谢的因子等物質,在促进成骨细胞增殖,改善骨代谢,形成新生骨等方面有明显作用[18]。本研究中,骨肽在改善多种骨代谢物质及骨质疏松相关指标方面的效果明显优于骨瓜,证实了骨肽的良好治疗效果。但通过观察不良反应,骨肽不良反应明显高于骨瓜,因此对于糖尿病骨质疏松的治疗应以酌情用药为原则,对耐受能力良好,过敏反应较少的患者来说,建议使用丹参川芎联合注射用骨肽进行治疗。
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  (2018-05-31收稿 责任编辑:杨觉雄)
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