腺样体肥大儿童父母焦虑现状调查及其影响因素分析

来源:用户上传      作者:周宜龙 陈烨 易淑明 郑晓妮 李鹏 文锡荣

　　[摘要] 目的 调查腺样体肥大儿童父母的焦虑现状并分析其影响因素。 方法 采用一般资料问卷、焦虑自评量表（SAS）、腺样体肥大儿童父母资讯需求问卷对2016年12月～2018年3月在耳鼻咽喉科住院拟行手术治疗的腺样体肥大儿童的父母共123名进行问卷调查。 结果 腺样体肥大儿童父母SAS总得分为（41.00±8.11）分，高于国内常模（t=5.153，P<0.01）;焦虑检出率为13.0%，轻度焦虑者占9.8%。40岁以上父母的焦虑评分与其他组比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05），不同角色、职业、文化程度等不同特征的父母之间，焦虑评分均无显著差异（P>0.05）。父母焦虑评分与疾病资讯需求总分呈正相关关系（r=0.247，P<0.01）。多元逐步回归分析显示，疾病资讯需求总分、父母年龄是腺样体肥大儿童父母焦虑的影响因素。 结论 腺样体肥大儿童父母的焦虑情绪较白血病、恶性肿瘤、癫痫等患儿父母焦虑情绪轻，仅有少部分腺样体肥大儿童父母存在不同程度的焦虑，其焦虑情绪会受到疾病资讯需求程度和父母年龄的影响，宜进行针对性干预。
　　[关键词] 腺样体肥大;儿童;父母;焦虑;影响因素
　　[中图分类号] R766          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701（2019）27-0001-04
　　[Abstract] Objective To investigate the anxiety status of parents of children with adenoid hypertrophy and analyze the influencing factors. Methods A total of 123 parents of adenoidal hypertrophy children who underwent surgical treatment in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology from December 2016 to March 2018 were surveyed by the general data questionnaire， the self-rating anxiety scale（SAS）， and the parental information needs questionnaire for children with adenoid hypertrophy. Results The total score of SAS in parents of adenoidal hypertrophy children was（41.00±8.11）， which was higher than the domestic norm（t=5.153， P<0.01）. The detection rate of anxiety was 13.0%， and the incidence of mild anxiety was 9.8%. The anxiety scores of parents over 40 years old were significantly different from those of other groups（P<0.05）. There was no significant difference in anxiety scores between parents with different characteristics， occupations and education levels（P>0.05）. Parental anxiety scores were positively correlated with the total score of disease information needs（r=0.247， P<0.01）. Multivariate stepwise regression analysis showed that the total score of disease information needs and parental age were the influential factors of parental anxiety in children with adenoidal hypertrophy. Conclusion The anxiety of parents of children with adenoid hypertrophy is less than that of children with leukemia， malignant tumor and epilepsy. Only a small number of parents of adenoid hypertrophy children have different degrees of anxiety， and their anxiety will be affected by the level of information needs of the disease and the age of the parents. Targeted intervention should be appropriately done.
　　[Key words] Adenoid hypertrophy; Children; Parents; Anxiety; Influencing factors
　　腺樣体肥大（adenoidal hypertrophy，AH）常见于儿童[1]。儿童时期腺样体肥大及反复的炎症刺激，堵塞呼吸通道，导致张口呼吸及睡眠结构紊乱，严重时可影响儿童面部的正常发育，甚至引起认知功能的减退[2]。患儿父母是患儿的主要看护人，住院及手术治疗会给患儿父母带来精神、经济的双重压力，其身心健康状况可能会影响患儿的康复和生活质量。焦虑是应激反应中最常出现的情绪反应，焦虑过度常会威胁到焦虑者的正常生活与健康。回顾文献发现，国内外有关不同疾病患儿父母焦虑状况及其影响因素分析的研究报道，但腺样体肥大儿童父母焦虑现状的调查较少。因此，本研究旨在了解腺样体肥大儿童父母的焦虑现状及其影响因素，为今后针对性的采取干预措施提供理论依据。
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