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  • 射血分数保留心力衰竭患者检测N-末端脑钠肽前体及脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2的意义

射血分数保留心力衰竭患者检测N-末端脑钠肽前体及脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2的意义

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   【摘要】 目的:研究射血分數保留心力衰竭(HFpEF)患者检测N-末端脑钠肽前体(NT-proBNP)及脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)的意义。方法:选取2016年1月-2018年10月本院初次收治的射血分数保留心力衰竭患者101例为研究组,选取同期心功能正常者83例为对照组。根据NYHA分级将研究组分为NYHAⅣ级组31例,NYHA Ⅲ级组40例及NYHA Ⅱ级组30例。抽取清晨空腹静脉血,检测患者静脉血中NT-proBNP、Lp-PLA2、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平。比较各组一般资料、相关检测指标。分析HFpEF患者各变量与NYHA分级相关性。结果:各组HDL-C、NT-proBNP、Lp-PLA2水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。NYHA Ⅳ级组的HDL-C低于NYHA Ⅲ级组和对照组(P<0.05)。NYHA Ⅳ级组、NYHA Ⅲ级组、NYHA Ⅱ级组的NT-proBNP、Lp-PLA2水平均明显高于对照组,NYHA Ⅳ级组、NYHA Ⅲ级组的NT-proBNP、Lp-PLA2水平均明显高于NYHA Ⅱ级组,NYHA Ⅳ级组的NT-proBNP、Lp-PLA2水平均明显高于NYHA Ⅲ级组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。HFpEF患者血NT-proBNP水平、血Lp-PLA2水平均与NYHA分级呈正相关(P<0.001);HDL-C水平与NYHA分级无明显相关性(P>0.05)。结论:HFpEF患者血NT-proBNP水平、血Lp-PLA2水平均明显升高,且与心功能NYHA分级呈正相关,为射血分数保留心力衰竭的诊断和严重程度判断提供新的依据。
   【关键词】 射血分数保留的心力衰竭 N-末端脑钠肽前体 脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2
   The Significance of Detection of Plasma NT-proBNP and Lp-PLA2 Levels in Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction Patients/CHEN Zefang. //Medical Innovation of China, 2020, 17(11): 0-040
   [Abstract] Objective: To study the significance of detecting N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) patients. Method: A total of 101 patients with HFpEF initially admitted to our hospital from January 2016 to October 2018 were selected as the research group. 83 patients with normal cardiac function were selected as the control group. According to the NYHA classification, the research group was divided into NYHA Ⅳ group of 31 cases, NYHA Ⅲ group of 40 cases and NYHA Ⅱ group 30 cases. Take the morning fasting venous blood, the levels of NT-proBNP, Lp-PLA2, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were detected. The general data and relevant test indicators of each group were compared. The correlation between each variable of HFpEF patients and NYHA classification was analyzed. Result: HDL-C, NT-proBNP and Lp-PLA2 levels of each group were compared, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). HDL-C of NYHA Ⅳ level group was lower than those of NYHA Ⅲ group and control group (P<0.05). The levels of NT-proBNP and Lp-PLA2 in NYHA Ⅳ group, NYHA Ⅲ group and NYHA Ⅱ group were significantly higher than those in the control group, the levels of NT-proBNP and Lp-PLA2 in NYHA Ⅳ group and NYHA Ⅲ groups were significantly higher than those in NYHA Ⅱ group, the levels of NT-proBNP and Lp-PLA2 in NYHA Ⅳ group were significantly higher than those in NYHA Ⅲ group, the difference were statistically significant (P<0.05). The levels of NT-proBNP and Lp-PLA2 were positively correlated with NYHA class (P<0.001). There was no significant correlation between the proportion of HDL-C and NYHA class (P>0.05). Conclusion: The level of NT-proBNP and Lp-PLA2 in the blood of HFpEF patients are significantly increased and positively correlated with NYHA grade of cardiac function,which can provide a new basis for the diagnosis and severity judgment of HFpEF.    [Key words] Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2
   First-author’s address: Yue Bei People’s Hospital, Shaoguan 512000, China
   doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2020.11.009
   射血分数保留的心力衰竭(heart failure with preserved ejection fraction, HFpEF)是多种病因导致的具有心力衰竭症状、体征,心脏舒张功能障碍而收缩功能正常的一组临床综合征,此类患者是心血管事件的高危人群。HFpEF患者的比例约占所有心力衰竭患者的50%,其预后与射血分数减低的心力衰竭患者相似[1]。目前仍缺乏HFpEF诊断的特异性标志物,N-末端脑钠肽前体(N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, NT-proBNP)是由心室细胞分泌的脑钠肽前体降解而成。已有研究证实,HFpEF患者血NT-proBNP水平明显升高,且与左室舒张功能障碍严重程度呈正相关[2]。脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2, Lp-PLA2)是新的血管特异性炎症因子,血浆Lp-PLA2水平升高增加慢性心力衰竭患者死亡风险[3]。本研究旨在探讨在HFpEF患者中检测血浆NT-proBNP水平及Lp-PLA2水平的意义。现报道如下。
  1 资料与方法
  1.1 一般资料 选取2016年1月-2018年10月本院初次收治的射血分数保留心力衰竭患者101例为研究组,选取同期心功能正常患者(无心力衰竭症状、体征,既往无心力衰竭病史,心脏彩超排除心功能异常)83例为对照组。纳入标准:(1)为本院初次收治的失代偿性舒张性心力衰竭者;(2)年龄50~75岁;(3)病因为缺血性心肌病、心脏瓣膜病;(4)有心力衰竭临床表现(胸闷、气促、乏力、水肿等),心脏彩超证实左室舒张功能障碍,左室射血分数≥50%;诊断参照《中国心力衰竭诊断和治疗指南2014》[4]。排除标准:严重肝功能不全、严重肾功能不全、严重感染、恶性肿瘤、近1个月内的急性冠脉综合征、脑血管意外以及手术患者。研究组的101例HFpEF患者,心功能评估采用纽约心脏病协会(NYHA)的心功能分级标准。根据NYHA分级可分为NYHA Ⅳ级组31例,NYHA Ⅲ级组40例及NYHA Ⅱ级组30例,患者知情且签署知情同意书,研究经医院伦理委员会批准。
  1.2 方法 抽取所有患者清晨空腹静脉血6~8 mL,检测患者静脉血中NT-proBNP、Lp-PLA2、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, LDL-C)及高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HDL-C)水平。NT-proBNP检测采用电化学发光法,仪器使用德国罗氏电化学发光仪及其配套试剂盒。Lp-PLA2测定采用免疫增强比浊法测定,仪器使用NORMAN系列散射比浊分析仪及其配套试剂盒。LDL-C及HDL-C检测采用常规生化检测。所有操作均严格遵循仪器和试剂的操作规程进行。
  1.3 观察指标 记录患者一般情况、现病史、既往史等,比较各组相关临床指标,包括高血压病、糖尿病所占比例、LDL-C、HDL-C、NT-proBNP、Lp-PLA2水平,分析HFpEF患者血NT-proBNP、Lp-PLA2水平与NYHA分级的相关性。
  1.4 统计学处理 采用SPSS 24.0软件对所得数据进行统计分析,计量资料用(x±s)表示,两组间比较采用t检验,多组间比较采用单因素方差分析;计数资料以率(%)表示,比较采用字2检验;采用Spearman相关检验进行各变量与心功能NYHA分级的相关性分析。以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
  2 结果
  2.1 各组患者一般资料比较 各组患者性别、年龄、合并高血压、糖尿病情况比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性,见表1。
  2.2 各组相关临床指标比较 各组LDL-C水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);各组HDL-C、NT-proBNP、Lp-PLA2水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。NYHA Ⅳ级组的HDL-C水平低于NYHA Ⅲ级组和对照组(P<0.05)。NYHA Ⅳ级组、NYHA Ⅲ级组、NYHA Ⅱ级组的NT-proBNP、Lp-PLA2水平均明显高于对照组,NYHA Ⅳ级组、NYHA Ⅲ级组的NT-proBNP、Lp-PLA2水平均明显高于NYHA Ⅱ级组,NYHA Ⅳ级组的NT-proBNP、Lp-PLA2水平均明显高于NYHA Ⅲ级组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表2。
  2.3 HFpEF患者各变量与NYHA分级相关性分
  析 HFpEF患者血NT-proBNP水平、血Lp-PLA2水平均与NYHA分級呈正相关(P<0.001);HDL-C与NYHA分级无明显相关性(P>0.05)。见表3。
  3 讨论
   HFpEF也称舒张性心力衰竭,在具有心力衰竭症状或体征的患者中,约一半的患者左室射血分数正常或接近正常;HFpEF的发病率以及对患者长期生存的影响与射血分数减低的心力衰竭相当[5]。尽管射血分数减低的心力衰竭患者的生存率在过去几年中已大大提高,但舒张性心力衰竭的死亡率仍然很高[6]。因此,对HFpEF患者尽早诊断、尽早评估危险分层及尽早治疗,具有重要的临床意义。    心室细胞可分泌脑钠肽前体,在心室机械牵张、缺血、缺氧以及暴露于肾素系统等因素影响下,脑钠肽前体分泌明显增加。脑钠肽前体由蛋白酶降解生成NT-proBNP及脑钠肽,NT-proBNP在血浆中的稳定性高于脑钠肽。慢性心力衰竭患者因心室容量负荷及充盈压力增加导致心室细胞分泌脑钠肽前体增加,从而导致血浆中的NT-proBNP不同程度增加[7-9]。血NT-proBNP水平在HFpEF患者中明显升高,是一个可靠的诊断标志物[10-11],且与舒张功能严重程度呈正相关,舒张功能越严重的患者,血NT-proBNP水平越高[2]。本研究发现,在HFpEF患者中,血NT-proBNP水平明显升高,且与心功能NYHA分级显著相关,心功能NYHA分级越高的HFpEF患者,血NT-proBNP水平越高。入院时血NT-proBNP水平升高的HFpEF患者全因死亡的风险明显增加,血NT-proBNP水平是HFpEF患者全因死亡的独立预测因子[12],血NT-proBNP水平升高的HFpEF患者1年内不良事件发生的风险明显增加[13]。NT-proBNP<400 pg/mL的HFpEF患者心血管死亡或因心衰住院等主要复合终点事件发生率均显著低于NT-proBNP明显升高的患者[14]。对HFpEF患者连续检测NT-proBNP时发现,与
  NT-proBNP水平上升的患者相比,NT-proBNP水平下降的患者再住院率及全因死亡率均明显下降,NT-proBNP的降低与心力衰竭的死亡率及再患病率
  相关[15]。
   炎症反应的激活在HFpEF的发生和发展过程中起到重要作用[16]。 Lp-PLA2(又称血小板活化因子乙酰水解酶),是由T细胞、肥大细胞、巨噬细胞等炎症细胞分泌的一种酶,被分泌入血液循环后约80%与低密度脂蛋白结合[17]。Lp-PLA2具有促炎特性,能够水解氧化的磷脂产生促炎物质如游离脂肪酸、溶血磷脂酰胆碱等[18]。目前Lp-PLA2与心力衰竭的关系已被关注。一项基于年龄在55岁以上人群的队列研究发现,血Lp-PLA2活性高的人群,心力衰竭的患病风险显著增加[19]。在另一项对确诊心力衰竭患者的前瞻性队列研究发现,Lp-PLA2水平升高的心力衰竭患者死亡率显著升高;Lp-PLA2与死亡率密切且独立相关,可用于心力衰竭患者的危险分层评估及预测心力衰竭患者的死亡率[3]。目前对血Lp-PLA2水平与HFpEF患者心功能严重程度的关系知之甚少,本研究发现,在HFpEF患者中,血
  Lp-PLA2水平明显升高,且与心功能NYHA分级显著相关,NYHA分级高的HFpEF患者,血Lp-PLA2水平越高,差异具有明显统计学意义。Lp-PLA2通过何种途径参与HFpEF进展仍有待进一步研究。
   综上所述,本研究证实HFpEF患者血
  Lp-PLA2、NT-proBNP水平均明显高于心功能正常患者,且血Lp-PLA2水平与NT-proBNP水平均与心功能NYHA分级呈正相关,为射血分数保留心力衰竭的诊断和严重程度判断提供新的依据。
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  (收稿日期:2020-02-04) (本文編辑:姬思雨)
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