多西他赛联合表柔比星方案化疗对三阴性乳腺癌患者p53及血管内皮生长因子的影响
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[摘要]目的 研究多西他賽联合表柔比星方案化疗治疗三阴性乳腺癌(TNBC)患者的效果及对肿瘤抑制蛋白p53(p53)、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)的影响。方法 选取2013年1月~2015年12月我院收治的124例女性TNBC患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法将其分为实验组(n=62)与对照组(n=62)。对照组患者行环磷酰胺联合表柔比星方案化疗,实验组患者行多西他赛联合表柔比星方案化疗。观察两组患者治疗前后血清VEGF亚型(VEGF A、VEGF B、VEGF C)水平、p53阳性表达率,比较两组患者的临床疗效、1~3年生存率及毒副作用发生情况。结果 治疗后,实验组患者的VEGF A、VEGF B、VEGF C水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。实验组患者治疗后的p53阳性表达率低于对照组,客观有效(OR)率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者1、2年生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);实验组患者的3年生存率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组患者的毒副作用发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 多西他赛、表柔比星新辅助化疗可有效杀灭TNBC,抑制VEGF各亚型及p53表达,3年生存率高,毒副作用少,安全可靠。
[关键词]多西他赛;表柔比星;新辅助化疗;三阴性乳腺癌;肿瘤抑制蛋白p53;血管内皮生长因子
[中图分类号] R737.9 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-4721(2020)3(b)-0008-05
Influence of Docetaxel combined with Epirubicin regimen chemotherapy on p53 and vascular endothelial growth factor in patients with triple negative breast cancer
CUI Hai JIN Yong-min GAO Ai-hua
Department of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Yanbian University, Jilin Province, Yanji 133000, China
[Abstract] Objective To study the effect of Docetaxel combined with Epirubicin regimen chemotherapy in the treatment of triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) and influence on tumor suppressor protein p53 (p53) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Methods A total of 124 female TNBC patients admitted to our hospital from January 2013 to December 2015 were selected as the research subjects, and they were divided into experimental group (n=62) and control group (n=62) according to the random number table method. The Control group received Cyclophosphamide combined with Epirubicin regimen chemotherapy, while the experimental group received Docetaxel combined with Epirubicin regimen chemotherapy. The levels of serum VEGF subtypes such as VEGF A, VEGF B, VEGF C and p53 positive expression rates were observed before and after treatment in the two groups. The clinical efficacy, 1 to 3-year survival rates and incidence of toxic and side effect in the two groups of patients were compared. Results After treatment, the levels of VEGF A, VEGF B, and VEGF C in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). After treatment, the positive expression rate of p53 in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group, and the objective response (OR) rate was higher than that in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in the 1- and 2-year survival rates between the two groups of patients (P>0.05). The 3-year survival rate in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of toxic and side effect between the two groups of patients (P>0.05). Conclusion Neoadjuvant chemotherapy with Docetaxel and Epirubicin can effectively kill TNBC, and inhibit the expression of VEGF subtypes and p53. The 3-year survival rate is high, the toxic and side effect is less, and it is safe and reliable. [Key words] Docetaxel; Epirubicin; Neoadjuvant che-motherapy; Triple negative breast cancer; Tumor suppressor protein p53; Vascular endothelial growth factor
三阴性乳腺癌(triple negative breast cancer,TNBC)为人表皮生长因子受体2(human epidermis growth factor receptor 2,HER2)、孕激素受体(progesterone receptor,PR)及雌激素受体(estrogen receptor,ER)均呈阴性的乳腺癌[1]。由于缺乏HER2及内分泌治疗靶点,TNBC患者多对靶向治疗及内分泌治疗不敏感,故临床多行手术治疗或(和)化疗[2]。研究证明,TNBC对紫杉类及蒽环类药物较为敏感,将其应用于TNBC患者完全缓解(complete remission,CR)率较高,但对于采取何种化疗方案可获得最佳疗效尚存在争议[3]。我院将多西他赛、表柔比星新辅助化疗(neoadjuvant chemotherapy,NC)应用于TNBC的治疗,在评价其疗效的同时探索其对血清肿瘤抑制蛋白p53(tumor suppressor protein p53,p53)、血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)的影响,其结果满意,现报道如下。
1资料与方法
1.1一般资料
选取2013年1月~2015年12月我院收治的124例女性TNBC患者作为研究对象,年龄36~63岁,平均(47.83±4.92)岁;绝经84例(67.74%),未绝经40例(32.26%);体重指数(body mass index,BMI)21.43~31.45 kg/m2,平均(25.92±2.71)kg/m2;病灶直径2.50~6.80 cm,平均(3.92±0.42)cm;病灶分型:浸润性导管癌76例(61.29%),浸润性小叶癌34例(27.42%),髓样癌14例(11.29%);ECOG体力状况评分(ECOG评分)0~2分,平均(1.38±0.15)分。纳入标准:经免疫组化及组织病理判定为TNBC患者;既往未行放化疗患者;预期存活>90 d患者;患者均知情同意;TNM分期Ⅲ期患者。排除标准:化疗不耐受患者;转移或复发患者;其他恶性肿瘤患者;肝肾功能异常患者;妊娠、哺乳期患者。按照随机数字表法将其分为实验组(n=62)与对照组(n=62)。两组患者的一般资料比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表1),具有可比性。本研究经我院医学伦理委员会审核批准。
1.2方法
1.2.1实验组 实验组患者行多西他赛(浙江海正药业股份有限公司,生产批号:20121217)联合表柔比星方案(海正辉瑞制药有限公司,生产批号:20121112)化疗。多西他赛:75 mg/m2,静滴,仅第1天给药,21 d为1个周期;表柔比星:60 mg/m2,静滴,仅第1天给药,21 d为1个周期。连续行6个周期的治疗。
1.2.2对照组 对照组患者行环磷酰胺(山西普德药业股份有限公司,生产批号:20121027)联合表柔比星方案化疗。环磷酰胺:500 mg/m2,静推,仅第1天给药,21 d为1个周期;表柔比星:60 mg/m2,静滴,仅第1天给药,21 d为1个周期。连续行6个周期的治疗。
1.3观察指标
观察两组治疗前后血清VEGF亚型(VEGF A、VEGF B、VEGF C)水平、p53阳性表达情况,记录两组患者的1~3年生存率、毒副作用发生情况。VEGF亚型水平以酶联免疫吸附试验检测;p53以免疫组化分析;毒副作用以NCIC CTG标准[4]评价,主要包括白细胞减少、恶心嘔吐、肝肾功能损伤、心脏毒性。
1.4疗效评价标准
疗效评价标准按照RECIST标准[5]制定。CR:基线病灶完全消失;部分缓解(partial remission,PR):基线病灶总长径缩小30%及以上;稳定(stable disease,SD):基线病灶长径总和增加或缩小未及进展或部分缓解;进展(PD):基线病灶长径总和增加20%及以上,或出现新病灶。客观有效(objective response,OR)=CR+PR。
1.5统计学方法
采用SPSS 19.0统计学软件进行数据分析,计量资料用均数±标准差(x±s)表示,两组间比较采用t检验;计数资料采用率表示,组间比较采用χ2检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2结果
2.1两组患者治疗前后VEGF亚型水平的比较
治疗前,两组患者的VEGF A、VEGF B、VEGF C水平比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者的VEGF A、VEGF B、VEGF C水平均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,实验组患者的VEGF A、VEGF B、VEGF C均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表2)。
2.2两组患者治疗前后p53阳性表达情况的比较
治疗前,两组患者的p53阳性表达率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后,两组患者的p53阳性表达率均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);治疗后,实验组患者的p53阳性表达率低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表3)。
2.3两组患者临床疗效的比较
实验组患者的OR率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表4)。 2.4两组患者1~3年内生存情况的比较
两组患者1、2年生存率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);实验组患者的3年生存率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)(表5)。
2.5两组患者毒副作用发生情况的比较
两组患者的毒副作用发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)(表6)。
3讨论
TNBC具有恶性程度高,早期易转移等特点[6]。术前行NC不但能够有效缩小病灶体积,降低病灶分期,清除机体微转移灶及游离癌细胞团,使无法行手术治疗的患者获得手术治疗的机会,还可为术后化疗方案的选择提供参考[7]。
作为紫杉烷化类药物,多西他赛作用机制类似于紫杉醇[8]。多西他赛可特异性干预细胞微管网,抑制微管解聚与促进微管蛋白聚合,阻断肿瘤细胞周期于M期、G2期,使其有丝分裂无法正常进行,致使其凋亡[9]。多西他赛可调控免疫细胞,引发特异性免疫及天然免疫。和直接杀灭肿瘤细胞相比较,作为免疫剂,多西他赛具有药理活性高、毒副作用少的优点[10]。表柔比星为蒽环类药物,可降低转录酶活性,抑制DNA转录、复制,干预细胞周期,使细胞周期无法正常延续,从而达到杀灭肿瘤细胞,抑制其远处转移的目的[11]。表柔比星可作用于肿瘤细胞DNA碱基对,干预DNA转录、合成,抑制合成DNA[12]。表柔比星还可干预肿瘤细胞逆转录,抑制合成RNA,促使肿瘤细胞凋亡[13]。本研究结果显示,实验组患者的OR率、3年生存率均高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组患者的毒副作用发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),提示多西他赛联合表柔比星方案化疗治疗TNBC可有效杀灭肿瘤细胞,提高患者OR率,延长生存时间,且毒副作用相对较少,较环磷酰胺联合表柔比星方案效果更好。
p53为p53基因生成的蛋白,按p53基因不同p53分為野生型p53、突变型p53两种类型[14]。野生型p53对DNA具有保护作用,不但可避免其受到射线及药物影响,修复DNA损伤,还可作用于G期细胞,维持其正常增殖、分化,抑制其恶性增殖,杀灭癌变细胞[15]。p53基因突变可生成突变型p53,致使p53丧失正常功能,难以维持正常细胞周期,并诱导发生异常有丝分裂,导致细胞癌变。此外,突变型p53对野生型p53具有较强的抑制作用,可抑制野生型p53发挥正常抑癌功能,致使恶性肿瘤发生[16]。研究证明,突变型p53过度表达说明癌基因大量扩增,癌细胞增殖能力较强[17]。因野生型p53半衰期较短,难以经免疫组化检测,而突变型p53半衰期较长,通常可经免疫组化检出[18]。VEGF可特异性促进内皮细胞增殖及新生血管形成,增加血管通透性,是肿瘤发生、进展的基础[19]。VEGF A、VEGF B可经结合VEGFR1激活AKT、ERK、PI3K等信号通道路劲诱导内皮细胞增殖,导致新生血管形成,促进肿瘤生长及转移[20]。VEGF A、VEGF C可结合VEGFR1促进新生淋巴管形成,导致肿瘤发生淋巴结转移[21]。且经VEGF C促进生成的淋巴管具有淋巴清除水平差、无瓣膜功能等特征,有助于肿瘤的淋巴转移[22]。本研究中,实验组患者治疗后的VEGF各亚型及p53阳性表达率均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),提示多西他赛联合表柔比星方案化疗可有效清除TNBC病灶,抑制VEGF各亚型及突变型p53生成。
综上所述,多西他赛、表柔比星新辅助化疗可有效杀灭TNBC,抑制VEGF各亚型及p53表达,3年生存率高,安全可靠,值得推荐。
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(收稿日期:2019-09-04 本文编辑:任秀兰)
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