微量元素缺乏与小儿反复呼吸道感染的相关研究

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　　 【摘要】 目的：探究微量元素含量与小儿反复呼吸道感染的关系。方法：将2017年3月-2018年2月在笔者所在医院治疗的反复呼吸道感染102例患儿设为观察组，选择同期在笔者所在医院体检的100名健康儿童设为对照组，对两组儿童均进行微量元素锌铁钙的检测，分析小儿反复呼吸道感染与微量元素锌铁钙含量之间的关系。结果：观察组头发中锌铁钙的含量均低于对照组，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。观察组患儿给予6个月的锌铁钙补充治疗，治疗后其机体内锌铁钙含量均较治疗前有所升高，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。对观察组患儿均进行6个月的随访，观察组患儿6个月内发生呼吸道感染的次数较治疗前明显减少，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：小儿微量元素锌铁钙的缺乏极易引发呼吸道感染，应及时加强对儿童微量元素锌铁钙含量的检测，及时补充治疗，保证儿童的健康成长。
　　 【关键词】 反复呼吸道感染 小儿 微量元素
　　 [Abstract] Objective： To explore the relationship between trace elements deficiency and repeated respiratory infection in children. Method： A total of 102 children with repeated respiratory infection treated in our hospital from March 2017 to February 2018 were set as the observation group. A total of 100 healthy children who who underwent physical examination in our hospital at the same time were selected as the control group. The trace elements zinc， iron and calcium were detected in both groups. The relationship between repeated respiratory infection and trace elements zinc， iron and calcium in children. Result： The content of zinc， iron and calcium in the hair of the observation group were lower than those of the control group， and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. The children in the observation group were treated with zinc， iron and calcium supplementation for 6 months， and the content of zinc，iron and calcium in the body after treatment were higher than those before treatment， and the differences were statistically significant （P<0.05）. All the children in the observation group were followed up for 6 months. The number of respiratory infection in the observation group within 6 months was significantly lower than that before treatment， the difference was statistically significant （P<0.05）. Conclusion： The lack of trace elements zinc， iron and calcium in children can easily lead to respiratory infection. It is necessary to strengthen the detection of zinc， iron and calcium in children in time， and supplement treatment in time to ensure the healthy growth of children.
　　 在儿科中，小儿反复呼吸道感染比较常见，不仅病程长、易复发，还较难治愈，甚至还会发生一些变态反应，导致患儿心肌等器官出现损害，对儿童的健康成长造成了严重的影响[1]。有研究发现，患儿免疫功能异常、维生素缺乏、微量元素含量缺乏等均极易引起小儿反复呼吸道感染[2-3]。为了对小儿反复呼吸道感染与微量元素锌铁钙含量的关系进行探讨，本次研究选取了笔者所在医院治疗的反复呼吸道感染患儿和100名健康儿童，对其均行微量元素锌铁钙的检测，具体报道如下。
　　1 资料与方法
　　1.1 一般资料
　　 选取2017年3月-2018年2月在笔者所在医院治疗的反复呼吸道感染患儿102例，将其设为观察组，纳入标准：（1）均符合小儿反复呼吸道感染的临床诊断标准;（2）临床资料完整。排除标准：（1）合并先天性呼吸系统疾病的患儿;（2）近期使用过糖皮质激素类药物、免疫抑制剂等药物的患儿;（3）合并先天性心脏病的患儿;（4）合并过敏性紫癜患兒;（5）合并胃溃疡、慢性胃炎等患儿;（6）体质过敏、营养不良的患儿;（7）合并原发性器官功能不全的患儿。观察组男62例，女40例;年龄2～7岁，平均（3.2±1.5）岁;其中下呼吸道感染24例，上呼吸道感染75例，支气管哮喘3例。选择同期在笔者所在医院体检的100健康儿童，将其设为对照组。对照组男61例，女39例;年龄2～6岁，平均（3.2±1.2）岁。两组性别、年龄比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05），有可比性。本研究符合笔者所在医院伦理委员会要求，患儿家属均对本次研究知情，且自愿签署了研究知情同意书。
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