早期给予小剂量多巴胺联合呋塞米治疗心力衰竭临床和安全性分析
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DOI:10.16662/j.cnki.1674-0742.2019.35.082
[摘要] 目的 探討早期给予小剂量多巴胺联合呋塞米治疗心力衰竭临床疗效和安全性。 方法 方便选取2017年8月—2018年6月该院诊治心力衰竭患者80例进行研究,用随机分组表分为干预组(小剂量多巴胺联合呋塞米治疗,40例)和常规组(呋塞米治疗,40例),比较两组患者治疗前后心功能及疗效。结果 治疗前,干预组和常规组BNP、LVDD和LVEF水平,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗7 d后,与治疗前比较,干预组和常规组BNP和LVDD水平均有显著下降,LVEF水平显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);相对常规组,干预组患者BNP、LVDD水平显著下降,LVEF水平升高[(556.4±45.6)pg/mL vs(716.8±46.9)pg/mL,(33.5±5.2)mm vs (40.9±5.9)mm,(50.8±7.6)% vs (46.1±6.0)%,差异有统计学意义(t=4.457、4.569、3.069;P=0.000、0.000、0.002)]。干预组患者治疗总有效率显著高于常规组[97.50% vs 80.00%(χ2=4.507,P=0.033)]。结论 在心力衰竭患者中,早期给予小剂量多巴胺、呋塞米联合治疗,可对患者心脏功能有显著改善,具有显著临床疗效。
[关键词] 心力衰竭;多巴胺;呋塞米
[中图分类号] R714.252 [文献标识码] A [文章编号] 1674-0742(2019)12(b)-0082-03
Clinical and Safety Analysis of Early Administration of Low-dose Dopamine Combined with Furosemide in the Treatment of Heart Failure
LI Zhong-rong
Department of Cardiology, the Third People's Hospital of Dongguan, Dongguan, Guangdong Province, 523326, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of early administration of low-dose dopamine combined with furosemide in the treatment of heart failure. Methods Select 80 case of heart failure patients in the hospital during August, 2017 to Jue, 2018 as studying object, and was convenienty selected and divided into the intervention group (40 patients treated with low-dose dopamine and furosemide) and the conventional group (40 patients treated with furosemide). Cardiac function and efficacy were compared between the two groups before and after treatment. Results Before treatment, there was no statistically significant difference in BNP, LVDD and LVEF levels between the intervention group and the routine group (P>0.05). After 7 days of treatment, compared with before treatment, the BNP and LVDD levels in the intervention group and the conventional group were significantly decreased, and the LVEF level was significantly increased. High the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); compared with the conventional group, the BNP and LVDD levels of the intervention group decreased significantly, and the LVEF level increased [(556.4±45.6) pg/mL vs (716.8±46.9)pg/mL,(33.5±5.2)mm vs (40.9±5.9) mm, (50.8±7.6)% vs (46.1±6.0)%(t=4.457, 4.569, 3.069, P=0.000, 0.000, 0.002). The total effective rate of treatment in the intervention group was significantly higher than that in the conventional group [97.50% vs 80.00%(χ2=4.507, P=0.033)]. Conclusion In patients with heart failure, early treatment with small doses of dopamine and furosemide can significantly improve the patient's cardiac function and have a significant clinical effect. [Key words] Heart failure; Dopamine; Furosemide
心力衰竭为各种心脏疾病终末阶段,以心脏收缩和射血功能障碍为主要特征,表现为体循环淤血、肺循环淤血疾,对患者健康和生活质量均造成严重影响[1]。研究指出,心力衰竭患者活动耐量显著下降,不仅影响患者生活质量,还危及患者生命,认为心力衰竭患者心衰严重程度与患者存活时间呈明显相关性[2]。利尿能减轻患者心脏前负荷,改善患者心脏功能,为临床中治疗心力衰竭重要方法。呋塞米为常用利尿剂,但长期、大剂量使用呋塞米利尿能出现耐受性,影响利尿效果,同时能引起电解质紊乱、肾功能损伤等,进而影响治疗效果[3]。多巴胺为血管升压药物,为探究小剂量多巴胺联合呋塞米在心力衰竭患者中治疗效果,方便选取该院2017年8月—2018年6月住院收治符合心力衰竭诊断患者80例进行分组、对比研究,报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
方便选取该院住院收治符合心力衰竭诊断患者80例进行研究,用随机分组表分为干预组(40例)和常规组(40例)。干预组患者中男24例,女16例;年龄53~82岁,平均年龄(68.8±7.1)岁;NYHA分级:Ⅱ级8例,Ⅲ级21例,Ⅳ级11例。常规组患者中男22例,女18例;年龄51~83岁,平均年龄(68.1±7.9)岁;NYHA分级:Ⅱ级7例,Ⅲ级23例,Ⅳ级10例。干预组和常规组男/女、年龄及NYHA分级比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。
1.2 方法
常规组实施基础治疗,将病床床头抬高,保持患者半卧位状态,维持病房环境舒适,为患者提供安静休息环境,对于烦躁患者给适当进行镇静,给予强心、扩张血管、维持水电解质及酸碱平衡治疗,如心室率增快,控制患者心率,如患者血压升高,控制患者血压水平稳定,如患者血糖升高,控制患者血糖稳定。同时给予呋塞米注射液(国药准字:H37021208),根据患者尿量给予20~40 mg剂量,静脉推注。干预组在常规治疗基础上,给予多巴胺注射液1~2 μg/(kg·min)剂量持续静脉泵入。两组患者连续治疗7 d。
1.3 观察指標
心功能:治疗前、治疗7 d,抽取患者空腹静脉血送检验科检测脑钠尿肽(BNP)水平,完善心脏超声检查,对左心室舒张末内径(LVDD)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)水平进行检测并比较。疗效:治疗7 d后根据患者NYHA评估改善情况评定:显效:NYHA下降2个等级,或恢复到1级及以下;有效:NYHA等级下降1个;无效:NYHA等级无变化或升高[4]。
1.4 统计方法
数据应用SPSS 24.0统计学软件进行分析,计数资料(%)进行χ2检验,计量资料(x±s)进行t检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2 结果
2.1 心功能
治疗前,干预组和常规组BNP、LVDD和LVEF水平,差异有统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗7 d后,与治疗前比较,干预组和常规组BNP和LVDD水平均有显著下降,LVEF水平显著升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);相对常规组,干预组患者BNP、LVDD水平显著下降,LVEF水平升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。见表1。
2.2 疗效
干预组患者治疗总有效率显著高于常规组[97.50% vs.80.00%,P<0.05]。见表2。
表2 两组患者疗效比较
3 讨论
心力衰竭为临床中常见心脏功能性病变,其发生与高血压心脏损伤、心肌病变等多种因素有关,为多种心脏疾病引起心脏终末阶段,具有较高临床发病率[5]。研究指出,心力衰竭患者心脏收缩和射血功能显著降低,可引起体液循环、肺循环障碍,对机体重要障碍血液供应均能造成影响[6-7]。减轻心脏负荷为临床中治疗心力衰竭主要方法,利尿降低血容量能减轻心脏前负荷,为治疗心力衰竭关键措施,特别适用于充血性心力衰竭患者[8]。
呋塞米为心力衰竭患者首选利尿药物,可促进尿钠、游离水排出量,促液体排出体外,减轻体液潴留,进而减轻心脏负担。药理学研究指出,呋塞米药物作用不与用药剂量增加而增加,且长期用药能提高机体对药物耐受性,影响利尿作用,影响临床疗效。多巴胺去甲肾上腺素活性物质,能刺激机体释放肾上腺素,达到收缩血管、增加肾脏血流量作用。临床中常将多巴胺与呋塞米合用组成利尿合剂,以增强利尿效果。Georgiopoulos等[9]在急性心力衰竭患者中给予呋塞米联合多巴胺持续泵入利尿,显著维持患者血压水平稳定,提高患者利尿效果,有效缓解患者心脏功能。根据该研究结果得出,在心力衰竭患者中予以小剂量多巴胺、呋塞米联合进行治疗,更能改善患者BNP、LVDD和LVEF水平,提高患者治疗效果(P<0.05),且干预组患者治疗总有效率97.50%显著高于常规组80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究指出,心力衰竭患者对体液潴留排出效果与患者心功能改善程度、疗效有重要相关性[10-11]。多巴胺联合呋塞米治疗心力衰竭,通过提高肾脏血液灌注量,加强呋塞米利尿效果,相对单纯呋塞米利尿治疗,其利尿效果更显著,因此对心脏功能改善更显著,具有更高临床疗效。张创良等[11]在老年慢性心力衰竭患者中同样给予小剂量多巴胺联合利尿药治疗,BNP、LVEF指标在治疗后改善率达到50%~80%,相对常规利尿治疗患者,显著提高临床疗效。另有学者[12]在慢性心力衰竭患者合并双下肢严重水肿患者中,给予小剂量呋塞米联合多巴胺利尿长时间维持性治疗,相对常规利尿治疗患者,采用小剂量多巴胺联合呋塞米治疗后患者的临床治疗总有效率达98.67%,高于常规利尿患者的临床有效率82.36%,与该文所得结果相近,说明联合用药可提高利尿治疗效果和心脏功能改善程度。 综上所述,在心力衰竭患者中,早期给予小剂量多巴胺、呋塞米联合治疗,可對患者心脏功能有显著改善,具有显著临床疗效。
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(收稿日期:2019-09-11)
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