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系统性红斑狼疮患者血清VCAM-1、sICAM-1水平与病情活动的相关性

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   【摘要】 目的:探讨系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)患者血管内皮细胞黏附分子-1(vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecules-1,VCAM-1)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1,sICAM-1)水平变化,分析其与SLE病情活动的相关性。方法:纳入2017年6月-2019年6入住笔者所在医院确诊为SLE的患者60例,根据SLE疾病活指数(systemic lupus erythematosus disease activity index,SLEDAI)分成SLE非活动组(n=22)与SLE活动组(n=38),同期健康体检者30例为对照组。收集血白细胞计数(WBC)、中性粒细胞(NEUT)、淋巴细胞计数(LYMT)、血红蛋白(HB)、血小板(PLT)、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)、血小板/淋巴细胞比值(PLR)、白蛋白(ALB)、球蛋白(GLB)、白蛋白/球蛋白比值(AGR)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)、补体C3(C3)、补体C4(C4)、24 h尿蛋白定量(24 h UP)、C反应蛋白(CRP)、血沉(ESR),采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测各组VCAM-1、sICAM-1水平。结果:活动组WBC、HB、PLT、NEUT、LYMT、ALB、AGR、C3、C4水平均低于非活动组及对照组,且非活动组均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);活动组NLR、PLR、GLB、ESR、CRP、IgG、24 h UP均高于非活动组及对照组,且非活动组均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),三组IgA、IgM比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。活動组血清VCAM-1、sICAM-1水平均高于对照组及非活动组,且非活动组均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。SLE患者血清VCAM-1、sICAM-1与SLEDAI、NLR、PLR、ESR、24 h UP均呈正相关,与AGR、C3呈负相关,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:SLE患者血清VCAM-1、sICAM-1水平明显升高,且与SLE病情活动明显相关。
   【关键词】 系统性红斑狼疮 血管内皮细胞黏附分子-1 可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1 疾病活动度 相关性 免疫球蛋白 血小板
   [Abstract] Objective: To observe the levels of serum vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecules-1 (VCAM-1), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and analysis correlation between VCAM-1, sICAM-1 and the disease activity of the SLE. Method: From June 2017 to June 2019,60 patients with SLE diagnosed by the author’s hospital were selected for the study. They were divided into non-active group (22 cases) and the active group (38 cases) according to the SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI). Another 30 patients with healthy physical in our hospital during the same period were selected as the control group.The blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil (NEUT), lymphocyte count (LYMT), hemoglobin (HB), platelet (PLT), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), platelet/lymphocyte ratio (PLR), albumin (ALB), globulin (GLB), albumin/globulin ratio (AGR), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin M (IgM), complement C3 (C3), complement C4 (C4), 24-hour urinary protein quantification (24 h UP), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation (ESR) were collected. The VCAM-1 and sICAM-1 levels of two groups were detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Result: The levels of WBC, HB, PLT, NEUT, LYMT, ALB, AGR, C3, C4 in the active group were lower than those in the non-active group and the control group, and the levels in the non-active group were lower than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). The levels of NLR, PLR, GLB, ESR, CRP, IgG, 24 h UP in the active group were higher than those in non-active group and control group, and the non-active group was higher than the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01), but there were no significant differences in IgA, IgM among the three groups (P>0.05). The levels of VCAM-1 and sICAM-1 in the active group were higher than those in the control group and the non-active group, and the non-active group was higher than the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Serum VCAM-1, sICAM-1 was positively correlated with SLEDAI, NLR, PLR, ESR, 24 h UP and negatively correlated with AGR, C3 in patients with SLE, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion: The levels of VCAM-1 and sICAM-1 in the patients with SLE are significantly increased, which closely related to the disease activity of SLE.    系统性红斑狼疮(systemic lupus erythematosus,SLE)好发于20~40岁女性,系多系统损害(可累及血液系统、肾脏、肌肉关节、浆膜腔、肺部、心血管、皮肤与黏膜、神经系统、消化系统)的慢性自身免疫性疾病,与免疫功能紊乱密切相关[1]。SLE发病机制尚不十分明确,认为与遗传、环境因素、雌激素水平相关。有学者研究发现,细胞因子、黏附分子的高表达与SLE病情明显相关[2],且正确评估SLE病情直接影响其远期预后[3]。血管内皮细胞黏附分子-1(vascular endothelial cell adhesion molecules-1,VCAM-1)、可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1,sICAM-1)系两种比较常见的黏附分子。陈丽等[4]研究发现,SLE患者血清VCAM-1、sICAM-1水平较正常对照组明显升高,且活动期SLE患者较稳定期SLE患者明显升高,提示VCAM-1、sICAM-1与SLE病情活动可能存在相关性。本课题组检测SLE患者血清VCAM-1、sICAM-1水平,分析其与SLE活动性指标的关系,旨在探讨VCAM-1、sICAM-1与SLE病情活动的相关性,具体如下。
  1 资料与方法
  1.1 一般資料
   纳入2017年6月-2019年6月入住笔者所在医院确诊为SLE的患者60例为试验对象。SLE的诊断参照1997年美国风湿病学会(ACR)推荐的分类标准,即除外感染、肿瘤及其他结缔组织病,存在以下11项中(颊部红斑、光过敏、关节炎、盘状红斑、浆膜炎、口腔溃疡、血液系统损害、免疫学异常、肾脏损害、抗核抗体滴度异常、神经病变)任意4项或4项以上,诊断SLE即成立[7]。根据SLEDAI(SLE疾病活指数)分成非活动组(SLEDAI≤9分)与活动组(SLEDAI>9分)[5-6]。非活动组22例,其中男4例,女18例,平均年龄(34.26±10.36)岁,平均病程(22.87±7.66)个月;SLEDAI平均值(5.83±1.89)分。活动组38例,其中男7例,女31例,平均年龄(35.07±11.28)岁,平均病程(24.06±8.22)个月;SLEDAI平均值(16.32±5.14)分。两组一般资料比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。且纳入同期健康体检者30例为对照组,其中男6例,女24例,平均年龄(34.72±10.56)岁。三组入组对象在年龄、性别等基线资料方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。SLE患者及对照组排除标准:(1)合并其他风湿性疾病,如原发性血管炎、干燥综合征、系统性硬化症、特发性炎症性肌病、类风湿关节炎等;(2)合并其他原发或继发肾病;(3)近3个月内发生严重感染;(4)合并恶性肿瘤、严重血液系统疾病、肝肾功能损害;(5)长期服用类固醇激素、非甾体消炎药。试验对象均签署知情同意书,并均经医院医学伦理委员会批准。
  1.2 方法
  1.2.1 临床指标检测 抽取空腹肘静脉血,离心,采用XE2100全自动血液细胞分析仪检测血白细胞计数(white blood cell count,WBC)、中性粒细胞(neutrophil,NEUT)、淋巴细胞计数(lymphocyte,LYMT)、血红蛋白(hemoglobin,HB)、血小板(platelet,PLT)等指标,并计数中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio,NLR)、血小板/淋巴细胞比值(platelet/lymphocyte ratio,PLR);采用AU5800全自动化生化检测仪检测血清白蛋白(albumin,ALB)、球蛋白(globulin,GLB),计算白蛋白/球蛋白比值(albumin/globulin ratio,AGR);IMMAGE800免疫比浊仪检测免疫球蛋白G(immunoglobulin G,IgG)、免疫球蛋白A(immunoglobulin A,IgA)、免疫球蛋白M(immunoglobulin M,IgM)、补体C3(alexin C3,C3)、补体C4(alexin C4,C4)、24 h尿蛋白定量(24-hour urinary protein quantity,24 h UP)、C反应蛋白(C-reaction protein,CRP)、血沉(erythrocyte sedimentation rate,ESR)。
  1.2.2 血清VCAM-1、sICAM-1检测 抽取空腹肘静脉血5 ml,室温静置0.5 h,离心,留取上层血清至于冻存管中,-80 ℃冰箱保存;待标本收集完毕统一采用酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清VCAM-1、sICAM-1水平,试剂盒由上海西塘科技有限公司提供,严格按照试剂盒说明书操作。
  1.3 统计学处理
   采用SPSS 20.0统计软件处理分析,计量资料以(x±s)表示,采用F检验;计数资料以率(%)表示,采用字2检验,相关性分析则采用Pearson法,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
  2 结果
  2.1 三组临床指标比较
   活动组WBC、HB、PLT、NEUT、LYMT、ALB、AGR、C3、C4水平均低于非活动组及对照组,且非活动组均低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);活动组NLR、PLR、GLB、ESR、CRP、IgG、24 h UP均高于非活动组及对照组,且非活动组均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),三组IgA、IgM比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表1。
  2.2 三组血清VCAM-1、sICAM-1水平对比
   活动组血清VCAM-1、sICAM-1水平均高于对照组及非活动组,且非活动组均高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01),见表2。   2.3 血清VCAM-1、sICAM-1水平与临床指标相关性分析
   经Pearson直线相关分析显示,SLE患者血清VCAM-1、sICAM-1与SLEDAI、NLR、PLR、ESR、24 h UP均呈正相关,与AGR、C3呈负相关,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表3。
  3 讨论
   系统性红斑狼疮(SLE)系自身免疫性疾病,发病机制尚不明确,主要病理改变为血管炎及炎症病变。近些年有学者提出细胞黏附分子可能参与SLE的发生、发展[8]。VCAM-1、sICAM-1为细胞黏附分子,属免疫球蛋白超家族成员,正常情况下血管内皮细胞及上皮细胞持续少量表达,然而在外界刺激因素的诱导下,其表达明显增加。近些年国内外大量文献报道提示VCAM-1、sICAM-1在心力衰竭、急性冠脉综合征、急性脑梗死、急性胰腺炎、肝病等多种疾病中表达均明显上调,但其在SLE患者中研究较少。赵俊芳等[9]研究发现,活动期SLE患者血清VCAM-1、sICAM-1水平较非活动期SLE患者及正常对照者均明显升高,且其水平与SLE病情活动相关。本课题组研究发现,非活动期及活动期SLE患者血清VCAM-1、sICAM-1水平均高于对照组,且活动组均高于非活动期。这说明SLE患者血清VCAM-1、sICAM-1升高,且可能与疾病活动相关。
   目前临床上SLE病情活动评价指标主要包括免疫球蛋白、补体、自身抗体滴度、尿蛋白定量、血常规指标、有无精神症状、新发皮疹等[10],但临床上应用常常受到限制。NLR、PLR作为新的炎性指标,可联合其他炎性反应标志物,用于评估多种疾病炎性状态,已广泛用于糖尿病、肿瘤的研究。研究发现,高水平的NLR、PLR與干燥综合征疾病活动度呈正相关[11]。李慧等[12]研究发现,活动期狼疮性肾炎患者NLR、PLR均高于稳定期狼疮性肾炎,且其水平与SLEDAI呈明显正相关。另SLE患者常常出现血白蛋白降低,而球蛋白升高,白蛋白/球蛋白比值(AGR)降低。有研究发现,AGR是评估SLE病情活动的指标[13]。本课题组研究发现,SLE非活动组、SLE活动期NLR、PLR、ESR、CRP、24 h UP均较对照组升高,而AGR、补体C3较对照组下降,且SLE病情活动组上述指标较SLE非活动组变化更显著。进一步采用Pearson相关分析,结果显示,SLE患者血清VCAM-1、sICAM-1水平与SLEDAI、NLR、PLR、ESR、24 h UP均呈正相关,与AGR、补体C3呈明显负相关,提示VCAM-1、sICAM-1水平与SLE病情活动相关。这为临床上评估SLE病情,制定其治疗方案,评估预后提供新的理论方向。
   综上所述,SLE患者血清VCAM-1、sICAM-1水平均升高,且其水平在SLE活动期患者中明显高于SLE非活动期患者,VCAM-1、sICAM-1水平与SLE病情活动明显相关。
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  (收稿日期:2019-09-27) (本文编辑:马竹君)
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